Informal Jobs in Nicaragua

slack Jobs in NicaraguaFreddy EspinozaNicaragua is a third world nation located in Central America. The capital of Nicaragua is capital of Nicaragua. It is the biggest res publica of the contri preciselyion with an extension of 129,442 km2. Nevertheless its world is sm exclusively in comparison with its size, only 6,071,042 habitants, although approximately cities like the capital, Managua, and Len argon overpopulated.Nicaragua has had hard knocks in its economic history, further also has had good terms. In the 60s the preservation of the country was good and increasing because of the industrialization but it started to decrease when mint started to opinion the oppression of the dictatorship. Also the economy was losing power because only the government and its allies had all the money they were the largest owners of the industries succession the rest of the population was poor. Then in 1972 the economy got worst because of the earthquake of that year which destroyed to the luxuriouslyest degree complete the downtown of the capital galore(postnominal) business and factories were destroyed so the outturn of the country decreased. In 1979 started the revolution (civil war) against the dictatorship Anastacio Somoza, causing a very low economic performance.During the revolution heap were fight in the hobnailed areas therefore most of the croplands were destroyed. This caused the crosswayion of food to decrease and due to the shortage among the demand and the supply the prices were forced to increase in allege to contract the demand. Also the revolutionaries were recruiting men in order to agree more power and fight against the National Guard, which was the presidents personal army. The reclusion caused a lack of labor for the merchandiseion of goods because they had almost all their people craping in their guard. With this low production the inflation rate reached a percentage of 70% in 1979. The communist government of Daniel Ortega overt hrew Somoza but they didnt do nearlything good for the economy. They stayed in the power by imposing strength and admitling the imports and exports, so the different countries with different thinking couldnt export to Nicaragua because the government would non let their products come into the country.Due the semipolitical and economic crises in those times, Nicaraguas external debt increased excessively, even more than its gross domestic product being the debt impossible to pay. Since that time, government companies have been privatizing in order to reduce the external debt. Nowadays the economy has improved but there are still delimited whole hunt outs and unemployment creating a social-economic problem because many people have opted for easy cheats.Informal hire outs are a type of operate on that occurs mostly in developing countries, these are characterized by employments that wear thint comply with legal formalities. They are divided in two wage employment and self- employment. In Nicaragua daily jobs are considered as peoples works which are not in the formal sector of the economy. These jobs are not recognized by the INSS (Instituto Nicaraguense de Seguridad Social) which control the requirements and rights of workers, or are people who decides to work by themselves and they dont inscribe their business in the corresponded institution.In Nicaragua 63% of the population is considered poor, of that 63% the 43% is considered extremely poor and the 20% is considered poor. The genteelness and healthy conditions have increase but no too much, and almost the half of the population is unemployed. Half of the population doesnt finish their studies. The level of education sometimes is until 6th grade but in rural areas it hardily reaches 4th gradeEvery company wants the scoop out for its economy so they try to look for the best level of workers that they can have, thats why everybody needs a curriculum is they want a job in a formal company and ha ve a good salary. The relation of this whit informal jobs is that in Nicaragua many people dont have a good grade of education and if they dont study a major they are not going to be fit to compete for good works because their lack of knowledge is going to impede them get a work that another person with a major in that work knows how to do it. We see that every time it is more important for a person to study a major and get degrees in it because in that way they can win the competition against others and get a better job.Unfortunately unemployment is everywhere and Nicaragua does not offer too many good works and they are many college graduates who are looking for a job or on the job(p) in a different area of what they studied. When people dont even find a job in another area, sometimes they are forced to work in the informal sector and it get worst for people who dont have a major thats why we see a lot of immigrants working in our neighbor country of Costa Rica and The United States. Sometimes the companies get advantage of this situation paying less or disrespecting the rights of workers. nonetheless they are people who look these problems and they decide to have self-employment because they prefer to earn their own money and work hard for a better future than feel their selves disrespected by someone else. In 2003 the INEC (Instituto Nicaraguense de Estadisticas y Censo) mensural that the list of people working in informal Jobs according to their education was 4% from college graduates, 27% from high school, 46% from primary and 23% from any grade of education.Nowadays 79.2% of shoess in Nicaragua have people working in the informal sector and in many they are the principal income for the family. This information was given by the recent survey prepared by the firm M R, which by face to face interviews consulted 1,600 people over 16 years in all regions of the country. The rural population forms the biggest amount of people working in this sector t he cause of this is almost in its totality due the education because in rural areas the education is difficult because the teachers have to travel through difficult paths where the communication is difficult and in some places it does not even exist yet, the students have to walk large distances sometimes confronting dangerous rivers in order to get education but sometimes it is impossible to get in some days because in winter because the lack of communication routes and the river flow increases dont let the student go to his destiny.Informal jobs in urban areasUrban areas like Managua are characterized because you can find people from all the areas of the country that have come to the urban areas looking for a best future and good opportunities of work. normally people from rural areas are the principal ones who emigrates to the urban areas looking for a best income but sometimes what they find is not what they thought. Due to their lack of education people hire them nevertheless like gardeners, guards, and twosome earning a low salary and sometimes they dont know their rights and are overexploited or they just do not denounced their bosses in order to dont lose their jobs.In urban areas the biggest amount of informal jobs are seen in their local securities industrys. Managua has 8 markets, being el Mercado oriental the biggest market in the country and in Central America the new official data of the Corporacin de Mercados de Managua (Commema) indicates that el Mercado oriental is officially composed of 91 blocks. In these markets are estimated 35 thousand opinionated traders and a similar amount of informal workers who works with baskets, wagons, and some ones who carry their products these people are called gypsy workers. Mean age the gypsy workers work by themselves they are others who prefers to work for somebody else in the business of the markets, but the problem is that they also get in the informal sector because almost in all the cases they don t get a formal contract and they are not inscribe in the INSS. These markets have a committee named CONMEMA which collect leases but they dont collect any money from itinerant workers.Also they are many people who decided to create their own business at home and they create a pulpera, this is basically a minimarket where you can find basic things that you forgot to buy in the supermarket commonly normal goods and inferior goods. In Managua and Masaya you usually are going to find fritangas at night, fritangas are small restaurants where you can find typical food and their food is characterized for being unhealthy but delicious the fritangas are not registered or controlled by the ministry of health in the majority because they have emerged ad libitum and they are not famous enough to attract the attention of the institution, even though they are some others which comply with all the requirements and licenses. Actually fritangas have taken part of our culture and if you are a abroad you should try it when you visit Nicaragua.In the signalizes you will see the different products that the itinerant workers sell to the cars since fruits of the season until covers for cellphones and alien animals like parrot. Government institutions like the MARENA (Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales) have taken rules against the sale of exotic animals but they are still people selling. Also they are people who are glass cleaners, so they wait the semaphore to turn red in order to start working but sometimes they dont get even a Cordoba. In these places we can even see the influence of child developing in informal jobs and homeless. Actually they have appeared women carrying newborn children and they ask for money to the cars and pedestrians, they do all these to a lower place the shining and hot sun of the tropic. They are other parents who came with their children to work and their children wait in the boulevard while the parents work, or they help their parents. Th e child exploitation also is reflected with parents that wait and watch their children since the boulevard, observing that they are working constantly either selling a product or begging.Child exploitation is common in informal jobs because it is the only place where children can work. According to Nicaraguan laws their age dont let them work even they want to work because it is considered child exploitation so if they get a job in a formal business or company this can be demanded, meanwhile the informal sector is not controlled or regulated by any organization so they can work there with any problem while there is not an investigation. The situation in the semaphores is sad to see. level off though it has being show in national television programs and television reports, it is still seeing clearly that they are not changes and the situation retains.Informal jobs in rural areasRural areas have the biggest rate of informal jobs the causes are their level of education and the devel oped of the region. Because of the limited accessibility and the lack of infrastructure the economy activities are limited and it is based in agriculture and animal husbandry. In the most remote rural areas, people mostly harvest for their own consumption and the animal husbandry is scarce. Their income is only from the little amount of product that is left after they save enough products for consumption. The little money that they earn is used to buy turn or a tool to improve their harvest. Commonly these people have only a scare and two chickens although it is hard to believe they have learned to subsist just with that limitations some people continue doing it and they have family and are able to raise their children.