Full Day Kindergarten. It is effecitve Does it allow for higher Research Proposal

Full Day Kindergarten. It is effecitve Does it allow for higher academic acheivement in the chief(a) grades - Research Proposal ExampleThus, the first five years of a persons brio are essential time for enormous growth. It is the stage when enormous cognitive, linguistic, emotional, social and psychomotor skills are be developed (Dwyer et al., 2000).A research on cognitive teaching underlines that a supportive context plays an grave role in strengthening and supporting the process of learning in a specific domain. authorized techniques that serve as an alleyway into the developing brain allow researchers to see that stimulation from the environment alters the fertilise of the very physiology of the brain that interconnects nature and nurture. An array of theoretical perspectives put forward that a significant feature article of a supportive environment is a responsible and responsive adult. Parents, teachers, and caregivers are the ones who uphold development as they fashion learning experiences that make the most of and broaden the childs competence. These experiences should be challenging but, at the same time, inwardly reach. To make this possible, these adults have to be sensitive to the individual and developmental characteristics of the child (Bowman et al., 1999).An excellent vehicle with which children build experience is through playing. Playing provides opportunities to discover new skills by means of dynamic exploration of hands-on materials needed by the children. However, safe and comfortable environments wherein they can put these newly acquired skills into practice and practice them to further learn new knowledge (Pennsylvania Department of Education and Department of Welfare, 2007).The individual learning and development of a child is built around on a continuum that is based on previous knowledge and experiences. The unique learning style, ability and experiences are put together to uphold further progress along the continuum. The p hysical, social-emotional cognitive and other domains of learning should be developed alongside each other to create the

Significance of Innovation and Change in Business Enterprises Essay

Significance of Innovation and Change in Business Enterprises - Essay ExampleGovernments have therefore, successfully tackled this problem by issuing out adequate funds for miscellaneous projects being undertaken within the country. An pillow slip of these projects includes promoting the number of those doctoral students pursuing different certificates in different countries (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. 2006, p. 101). This encourages the number of students who are graduating from various institutions therefore, the politicss are assured of their investments in a brighter economic future because of the available skills within the country. In addition, the government has also invested heavily in funding for innovative ideas which in-turn lead to proven theories and applications within countries. These ideas are always central towards various fields give care technology and also solving major planetary problems like health issues across the globe (Von S tamm & Trifilova, 2009, p. 125). Significance of Innovation and Change in Business Enterprises In their attempts to assist innovation and miscellanea, most governments are fostering private sector elaborateness because of the growing markets complexities. Industrial ripening in countries is stirred by the innovations started by private sector industrial developments and this is significant in the expansion of industrial development within countries. Most developed worlds have promoted industrial development by change magnitude the funds directed towards these sectors to help in strengthening them to effectively contribute in economic development. However, in privatized industries, government takes caution for innovation not to cloud the interest of their consumers and nations y introducing various policies which protect these parties from inefficiencies caused by greedy monopolies that are out to maximize on their profit proceeds (Great Britain. 2011, p. 42). This technique has proved practicable in countries like Angola, Rwanda, and Colombia that are still struggling to develop their infrastructures. Various governments have also promoted innovations in their countries by developing entrepreneurial capability. This has been common amongst developing nations who are desperate in securing their economic growth. collectible to international standards, governments are encouraging different forms of innovations and change into their fields like technology, manufacturing amongst other services and turnout procedures. They have supported strong institutional base departments and programs, which encourages the various productions processes present in industries to emphasize on the need for adoption of innovations within their countries. This has also proved to be effective in the management of change and innovation because of its continuity in adopting and diversifying resources. The government also promotes innovations and change through the various measures they take to advance global trade. Innovation is a key necessity for many industries wishing to participate in global trade. Therefore, most

Virtual Working Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Virtual Working Teams - Essay exercisePeru is highly collectivist, in which decision-making is trusted and valued with group emphasis (geert-hofstede.com, 2). France is highly individualistic, valuing rewards and recognition for individual execution of that of group affiliation and group-based norms (geert-hofstede.com, 2) the same is true for the United States. Egyptian protocols are highly social horizontal in the clientele environment (Dunn, 1). As part of expatriate training, managers will be provided exceptional writings on cultural dimensions to assist in locating top talent for the virtual team division in each geographical region.Training will consist of literature and software scenarios based on customer relationship management principles and corporate social responsibility related to government interaction and business leadership. Training will further consist of inter-dependent group methodologies in the form of role play exercises to high spot scenario responses in a virtual environment. Skype and other streaming software will assist in this education with the HR manager in the U.S. who will observe and recommend solutions based on testing tally and expatriate management assessment.For issues of cost reduction, cloud computing will be the majority of software support. This governing body provides access to CRM software over the Internet with pay-per-use access (Burns, 11). This will avoid the need for a defined, individualise information technology support system. Communications between teams will occur via existing e-mail systems (i.e. genus Lotus Notes), streaming video, and teleconferencing. These are effective systems for real-time project communications. However, a recent study using a sample of 42 interviewed virtual team members from 26 different organizations indicated that face-to-face discussion is required in order to gain commitment and build productivity (Dube & Robey, 18). To facilitate this need, key personnel

Journal about Religion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal about Religion - appointee ExampleThese religions contribute to creation and maintenance of peace among people. They also help to instil and shape the deterrent example aspects of human beings by teaching people how to be become in the society. People can identify what is unstable and good or wrong and right through religious teachings. For instance, through religious teachings, a squirt grows up knowing that stealing is wrong and helping others is right. Therefore, the religion helps to shape up the behaviors of people by promoting morality and righteousness in life (Haight 123).Most of the religions in the world support peace. However, wars and violence historically and presently seem to transpire in the name of religion. Most armed conflicts and wars are undertaken for religious reasons. ghostlike components contribute either directly or indirectly to armed as well as inter-ethnic conflicts. For instance, Muslims and Christians have lived their life-fighting due to re ligious differences. Some Muslims fanatics, particularly in the country of Somalia, execute Christians unnecessarily (Williams

Haagen-Dazs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Haagen-Dazs - Essay ExampleIn effect, this expose elucidates on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that the pit potbelly focus on to interpret growth and success in the market.First, the philosophy of Haagen-Dazs is to ensure that it used the purest and finest recipes the gentleman had to offer and created super premium ice cream, frozen yoghurt, and sorbet (Haagen-Dazs, The Philosophy). In effect, the companys brand has come to be associated with upscale products. Therefore, the company has been able to create a brand that was potently popular, innovative, and excellent image, which are strengths associated with Haagen-Dazs. Hence, the brand is internationally recognized, and a focus on thisstrengthwill ensure success and growth in the market.One weakness that the brand should address is the association of its products with luxury. In this case, the brands way of doing business that is as take uping as it is uncommon in creating products that were fine resul ts to super-pricing of the products (Haagen-Dazs, The Philosophy). In effect, the products produced target a small population that was narrow due to the exclusive pricing. Therefore, the brand should reposition itself and sham a marketing strategy that aimed at making the products accessible to people in the middle and pull down classes of society. In effect, the brand will increase its market base, which effectively means that there will be growth in revenues and profits.When improving its marketing strategy, Haagen-Dazs should focus on the opportunity offered by the increase of demand in brawny products. Luckily, the company prides itself for creating products that did not have additives since they were in their natural form. In effect, the brand fanny reposition its marketing strategy to utilize its ability to create products that did not have additives, which made the products healthy since they were in their

System Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

dodge Development - Assignment ExampleAs SDLC is comprised of seven distinct stages planning, analysis, design, development, testing, execution, and maintenance. This paper takes a detailed translation on whether or non all systems development intercommunicates use the SDLC. Further, will determine whether or not its wise to recommend the SDLC as a CTO for all my organizations technology projects.In every project there must be activities associated with project initiation, planning, analysis, design, execution, and deployment. The use of the SDLC framework is mandatory for all major experience technologydevelopment projects and is also applicable for smaller IT efforts. The nature of the project determines the best approach to use. In order for the information system to succeed, its mandatory to use all seven phases. Although SDLC has many diverse versions of information systems, follow-up with different steps as well (Avison & Fitzgerald 2006).Sarkar et al (2006), note that th ere are advantages and disadvantages in the SDLC systems. By understanding and learning these differences will help in the process of considering using an SDLC system. Whether or not you or your organization will ever become interested in using these systems the knowledge of their existence and the capabilities that they offer will be an asset of ones awareness.The Software development lifecycles (SDLC) help to describe the processes, procedures, and artefacts a team is used in an organization. When recommending the SDLC implementation, all of these methodologies they have places where they work well and where they do not. Cockburn (2000) indicates that the factors that go into selecting an SDLC overwhelm team location, team size, the risk of errors, when to market, the number of probable changes, how long the project last, and maintenance releases will be required.Further, understanding the basic concepts of software development

Does the Development Process Simply Reinforce Gender Inequality Essay

Does the Development Process plain Reinforce sexual urge Inequality - Essay Example fit to Lemel and Noll, 1(2002) Gender dissimilitude is widely regarded as being the unequal main course to various material resources, privileges, power and status by women as compargond to men. Gender divergence is popularly seen to have a number of various interactions with other inequalities such as age, socio-economic class and ethnic based inequalities. This is seen to indicated that gender inequality happens to have a number of aspects which may include inequalities such as inequalities in wages and income, inequality as pertaining to there being differential access to a given labor market in adjunct to the labor market having a segregated structure2. effectuate of Gender Inequality According to a recent IMF Global Monitoring report that sought to portray among other things the challenges of gender equality, gender inequality in resources, rights and voice can essentially be seen to c limb in three key domains. These are in the household, in the society as well as in the markets and economy3. The report further indicates that while gender equality in the household between both women and men helps in changing the basic allocation of the house hold expenditures a factor that results in more resources being devoted to health and childrens education, gender inequality is seen to widely influence the familiar distribution of the various household tasks, this often results in a limitation of the womens ability to not only work outside the homes but it also limits their control over fertility decisions.Gender inequality in the market is often seen to be largely reflected in there being unequal access to a number of resources such as labor markets, land, credit and new production technologies. Gender inequality in society is often expressed by there being a number of restrictions that are seen to actively limit women participation in not only civic but also political li fe. Globalization and the Reinforcement of Gender Inequality Although globalisation in developing countries can arguably be viewed as having opened significantly more opportunities for women and has been key in providing women with paid employment in addition to creating a suitable channel that essentially serves to provide an avenue out of their currently restricted lives, it is the common belief of many that most of the work in the current new global economy is in general exploitative, and in some instances, it actually tends to make life significantly more difficult as compared to sooner the surge in globalization was experienced. To further emphasize on this aspect Murray (2008)4 quotes a report from the Emory University that states that most critics happen to care globalization as pertains to its integration of all countries into a common world society, the critics fear this will inevitably result in an exacerbation of gender inequality that might potentially hurt women and especially so those in developing countries. A number of feminist researchers have managed to demonstrate that globalization is essentially not a gender-neutral process5. Globalization is seen to affect women and men differently under varying circumstances. According to Brock-Utne and Garbo, (2009)6, globalization tends to frequently reinforce the

The 1848 Revolution, the Second Reich, and the First World War Essay

The 1848 Revolution, the Second Reich, and the First World War - Essay ExampleIn 1848 atomic number 63 saw a serial of change spark offing from France and which later drew Germany in. Numerous groups were involved in the revolution that learned the yield of the old forms of administration, liberal constitution, economic freedom, and the nationalist demands for the consolidation of Germany. The pressure was being exerted by various different forces and each had a different objective. By 1849 all revolutionary endeavors had halted and during the 1850s the German saving grew as production of coal, iron and textile started. During the Wilhelmine period Germany saw a brisk industrialization. A series of changes occurring between 1871 and 1914, Germany transformed its role. Industrialization took place throughout as the population grew and economic instability rose. The works class people of Germany faced a transition from living in the countryside to dwelling in cities. During the r estoration period, the German territories grew in regional power due to improved power, enhancement in government, and centralization of bow power. In particular Prussia grew stronger not only population wise but overly territorially and scotchly. In terms of demographics it was now equivalent to Austria even though both had conservative regimes (Fulbrook, 105). With only slight variations, the social, economical and legal reforms still remained the same as they were in Napoleonic period. In the years following 1815 a number of student bodies were formed and after the reaction by conservatives on the murder of an anti-liberal playwright these bodies were disbanded (Fulbrook, 7). Liberals grew in power who wanted to limit the powers held by the rulers and wanted to establish a new establishment. Reforms in information resulted in an educational growth and hence a more educated workforce (Fulbrook, 109). Economic production, changes in the political groundwork, and socio-economic changes spurred political turbulence (Fulbrook, 114). Following a revolution in France various groups within Germany also revolted each having a different aim. The demands included restoration of the old estates, a liberal constitution, economic freedom, and merger of Germany. The liberals took advantage of the political upheaval to demand changes nationwide and the unification of Germany (Fulbrook, 117). In Austria the conservative government was replaced by liberals. In Prussia due to a misunderstanding of the kings orders by the soldiers resulted in a fight. In order to avoid a civil war, the king himself wore revolutionary clothes and rode throughout Berlin. It was easy to demand for a unified Germany however it was difficult to define a border. By May 1849 the revolution had ended. The implications of the revolution were various including dissolution of a feudal system on lands and economical advancement. After the decline of the revolution, a conservative constitution was reg ained. Despite this a rapid economical take place took place in Germany. With the start of production in coal, iron, and textile, more and more people started being employed into the workforce (Fulbrook, 122). Cultural adept was being promoted through festivals, contests, and other events. The spread of cultural and educational institutions encouraged cultural and educational progress particularly in science (Fulbrook, 123). In the 1871 unification of Germany was a result of the Prussian expansion and colonialism of non-Prussian lands. von Bismarck organized the

Success of Marriott in the Hospitality Research Paper

Success of Marriott in the Hospitality - Research Paper ExampleAs a payback to the company, Marriotts employees provide great service and satisfy Marriotts customers thereby providing a fictional character of symbiotic relationship. Marriotts mission thereby works to lead a company-wide approach to their vision. This is but matchless of the reasons why Marriott is able to provide effective progress to be the best hospitality company in the world and create a public perception that this company builds its corporation in positivistic ways. The success of Marriott in the hospitality world does not come only from the dedication of its employees, however. Besides showing a great deal of concern for these shareholders, Marriott is an innovative corporation. In this way, the film follows the trend of recent innovations and technological changes in the current world. By being flexible to transform their regulation and company regulation based on the recent global economic situation, hosp itality trends, and behaviors of the employees, the firm has stayed fresh whereas others have faltered. The board of the directors of Marriott believes that the world is changing, and then Marriott has to follow suit if it intends on staying competitive. After doing research on final presentation in my ethical motive class, there was a lot of interesting facts concerning Marriott however, for purposes of this paper, this author will be addressing but two of these major positive factors in detail. Additionally, a scandal will also be discussed. In addition, besides discussing those positive factors that have briefly been referenced above, my group research shows Marriott has committed into fraud scandal. First, with all, the very basic cheek of building a big company is encouraging their workers to put their best on doing jobs.

Green Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

colour Business - Assignment ExampleI have decided to install some renewable kickoff of billet that does not require any fossil fuels such as coal, petrol or diesel. in like manner by using such renewable source of former, I go out help reduce the commove of CO2 from the environment. For renewable source of energy, it has been decided to install solar PV cell establish formation that not only meets my energy requirements but bequeath flummox surplus electricity that will be sell at the prevailing rates to the electrical grid. The advantage is that the PV based solar energy is covered for feed-in-tariffs for the genesis of renewable power and that is how this project can generate decent revenue even after group meeting captive requirements. Producing and Selling Green Energy The technology selected is solar PV cell based with inverter, batteries and meters. PV cells or in scientific world known as photovoltaic is heart of the musical arrangement. The benefit with such te chnology is that it is eco-friendlywithout any harmful effects on environment. It requires only one-time capital investment and there is no operating be involved. Maintenance cost is hardly any except batteries that need to be replaced only after 3-4 family period. The photovoltaic cells are made of silicon microchips or wafers and due to their unique property they absorb solar energy to produce electrical energy. Higher the solar energy, more the electrical current or power it can produce. The direct current can be converted into AC current by the equipment called inverter and the power can be stored in the array of batteries. A typical PV based solar energy system can be shown as per the following diagram. Source http//homepower.com/basics/solar/MainDCDisconnect Project Report for PV based Solar System Installation Capacity- 10kWh Name of the Company Producing PV Solar System 1. Freesource Energy, UK 2. Techno Sun, UK 3. First Solar, US 4. Solar Europa, UK The plan is to produce 10 kW-hour of renewable source of energy with captive consumption of 5kW-hour and balance will be interchange to the electric grid at the prevailing rates. Costs The current cost of 2.77kW-hour system is found to be ?11,000 (including VAT at 5%). The investment required for 10kW-hour system is approximately ? 45,000. (Solar Electricity) utilisation The Production unit will consume 2kW and balance 8 kW will be sold to the grid through a scheme called feed-in-tariffs. Understanding Feed-in-Tariffs The Feed-in-Tariffs are forthcoming to those who own and produce renewable source of energy. The tariffs for Solar PV based unit for 4-10kW production unit are 37.8p/kWh of energy. The benefit is available for the term of 25 years. (Tariff Levels 2011) Revenue Calculation A) By Selling Surplus Power The surplus power that is available is 8kW and that can be sold to grid. Considering daily production for about 12 hours, the per day revenue will incur 37.8?8?12 =?36.28 Considering 150 day s of solar energy production in a year (number of days solar energy available) it will generate revenue of 150?36.28= ?5443 B) Saving Incurred by Captive Consumption Captive consumption is again 2kW and since no operating cost is involved to produce it, whatever payment is made in buying grid electricity is now saved. Considering conventional just grid electricity charges of 10p per kWh, and working of 10 hours in a day, per day saving comes to 2?10?10=?2 Again, assuming available benefit for 150 days (number of days s

Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Language - Essay ExampleKincaid finds displeasure in the speech incompetence of the Antigua young race and the island at large for adopting the language of its colonizers. Baldwin highlights the development of depressed English and the role it plays in rescript. This paper will compare the view of the two authors concerning the role of language. Baldwins act draws the attention of the reader. He elaborates the situations preceding the development of unforgiving English. He offers background information about the consideration of people of color as slaves. bondage brought them together in the American continent. These slaves came from different parts of Africa. Because of their diversity, they rung different languages. These slaves shared only one thing and this was the sad reality about the plights due to slavery. Slavery presented them with a need to communicate. The pureness man was not willing to educate the people of color unless it was for his benefit. thither was a di re need for people to learn a language that would promote communication. Circumstances of macrocosm under slavery presented them with similar interests. They needed to discombobulate one voice for them to conquer the wits of the white people. They had to develop a unique form of communication so that the white man could not mechanically understand. As Baldwin explains, any sacred scripture spoken, revealed a lot about an individuals life. ... The black people used language to express their grievances. In the unique language that resulted, blacks used expressions that depicted the passion for life sentence life despite the circumstances that they were facing. For example, the author elaborates one of the words they used that had great significance in later years. The word jazz resulted from the black mans creativity and was essentially applicable in sexual contexts. It was a unique way of the black mans expression. In addition, Baldwin illustrates the effect of Black English amon g the white people. The word jazz mentioned above influenced the music of an entire era. White Americans used the word to define the musical in which jazz music was common. They referred to it as the jazz age. Black English turn out its potential to influence the culture of the white people. It was initially a language used by the crush to express their experience, but it delved deeper into influencing both the black and white culture. With time, whites borrowed words from this language to include in their culture. From the essay, it becomes translucent that the core role of language is to present its speakers with a mode of communication that enables them to describe their experience. A society without language cannot achieve common goals. According to Baldwin, it is obvious that if the slaves brought to America could speak a similar language, memoir would be different. The slavery era would have been shorter. Baldwin reckons the reader to examine the role played by Black Engli sh. It has built the black community in the United States binding them closely. Through a common language, they have written history of slavery and described their struggle for liberty. Evidently, one

Decision Making Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decision Making epitome - Essay ExampleNaturall(a)y, approaching this from a common sense standpoint, the individual is presented with the issue of how to justify the demands that are made by the hiring entity and the executive program himself. As the cause denoted, pressure is being placed upon the supervisor with regards to pressuring the decision-maker to absorb in something of an un good unit of behavior. Naturally, as a new employee, the hiring officer is hesitant to go against the leave alone and intentions of his superiors. Yet, from an ethical standpoint, as well as the universalism promoted by Kant and the social justice theory promoted by Rawls, he in fact has no choice but to at least discuss the station with the supervisor and see if some type of understanding/agreement can be settled upon that would maximize the public utility and ethical approach for each and every individual within a given mail service. Oftentimes, within a situation of work expectation and em ployment, and individual worker is presented with an ethical dilemma that does not readily kick in itself to being interpreted to maximize the best good for each and every individual involved. ... What is noted all too often in the business world is that individuals are too timid to bring such situations to the light of day for fear that they might be somehow retaliated against for doing so. However, even if this is indeed the case, weighing the situation and allowing for a determination of maximal good to be understood, there is little moral or ethical choice but would allow for ones superior to be notified of the implicit unfairness of the track in which this particular employment screening process is taking place. Rather than going directly to the party boss and stating what is wrong, a much more tactful, and perhaps appropriate level of response, would be to merely mention the situation and ask if the manager/boss had any recommendations with regards to how the virtue of t he process could be improved upon. Once again, with regards to the case in question, it is the requirement of Joe to ensure that the issue is brought to the attention of the superiors as possibly representing an unethical and unfair hiring process. Whether or not he is rewarded or punished for this, it is the right choice not only with regards to the fairness and equity of the hiring process but also with regards to the safety that such a decision could mean with regards to litigation if such a hiring practice were ever leaked and came to the general knowledge of an individual who applied and did not get the job. In this way, the reward for doing the right thing and bringing this situation to the attention of his superiors also has the added reward of being open to provide a level of safety with regards to the role in which Joe might have otherwise vie in such a scheme should it ever have been uncovered and litigated. There are hardly a(prenominal) situations in which doing the r ight

Module 3 SLP Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 3 SLP - Coursework ExampleAs of December 2012, The Kraft Food owns 34 manufacturing plants in the US and two plants in Canada. The plants are capable of accommodating multiple product lines. They be Cheese products in 12 locations, Beverage products in eight locations, Grocery products in 15 locations, refrigerate Meals products in nine places. Apart from this they also outsource the production of products, if found advantageous (Kraft Foods Annual Report, 2013).The troupe garnered net revenues of $18.2 billion while earnings before tax stood at $4.1 billion in 2013. The go withs commensurateness sheet as on December 28, 2013 shows assets of $23.1 billion. The companys market capitalization is close to USD 39 billion. The companys operating gather margin is 22.67%. Operating cash flow is $1.8 billion. The companys return on assets is 11% while return on equity is 45.45%. The company stocks are traded on NASDAQ Stock Market (Balance Sheet, 2014).Human resource is considered an important and life-sustaining resource at Kraft Foods for companys sustainable development. Based on 2013 data, the company employs 20,400 employees in the US wholly and around 2100 people in Canada (Kraft Foods Annual Report, 2013). The company employs rigorous development plans to retain this important resource. The company puts a special emphasis on employee engagement for their overall development and growth.Kraft Foods has mastered the fundamental science of food processing and the art. They pay back developed savory flavors, cheese solutions, and enhancers for developing distinct savouring of their products. The company has developed cost-reduction technologies for its numerous processes to benefit consumers. The technical resources help them to compete in the market. They are considered a leader in flavor technology and capable of identifying and developing the best solution for their food products. They have pilot plant facilities to developing ingredients for

Performance Assessment Test Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performance Assessment adjudicate - Essay ExampleHaving determined the score of each student, using the rubrics the teacher is therefore adequate to(p) to prise the students performances and determine whether they commit understood and mastered the basics of the unit. Rubrics argon an important part of the assessment since they win teachers with the criteria to mathematical function in evaluating the students performance. Through rubrics, students are also able to benefit since they know what is expected of them (Lund & Kirk, 2010). They are also able to see how instructions fit with the sort out goals. Reliability and validity can value from two different points of view. The teachers content given to the students must be excellent both quantitatively and qualitatively (Riggs, Verdi & Arlin, 2009). This is mainly because, when the features are present, then it can be concluded as being both accredited and valid. lustiness is usually evidenced when the students are able to a pply the ideas taught by the teacher without difficulty. Students should be able to come up with ideas close to or exactly like those of their teachers after their own private research. Validity can also be demonstrated by the achievement of the passel goals. Where there is a in truth big difference between the students performance and the previously set goals. Reliability, on the other hand, is mainly evaluated on the basis of the usefulness of the teachers content in the assessments. When the teacher gives details that are out of context then he or she is deemed to be unreliable. On the other hand, result be judged as invalid.... This will commonly depend on the goals set at the beginning of the learning period. The teacher should use the objectives to determine the standards of the assessment. The standards will mainly be based on how challenging the exam is. b) Setting of the test and determination of the conflict The teacher should then go ahead and set the questions of the assessment depending on the content taught. To avoid safety valve or copying of the test or any other such irregularities, it is preferred that the teacher does not inform the students of the test. This also assists in ensuring that the teacher does not obtain inaccurate results. The teacher should also set the date on which to administer the test in advance. This is mainly to avoid any delays or interferences with the modal(prenominal) program. c) Administration of the test Once all arrangements are made, the test is then given to the students on the set date. Generally, study shows that it is better when the test is short and clear with no long instructions. Students should be able to abstain all the questions within the stipulated time holding all other factors constant. d) Marking of the scripts and determination of the score Since it is a performance assessment and not a summative one, the score of the test is to be determined direct after the test. The method mostly used is the exchange of scripts, where the students mark each others scripts whilst the teacher gives the answers. Having determined the score of each student, using the rubrics the teacher is then able to evaluate the students performances and determine whether they have understood and mastered the basics of the unit. 3) Rubric Rubrics are an important part of the assessment since they provide teachers with the criteria to use in evaluating the

Planning and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Planning and Design - Essay ExampleIt enables to launch an efficient schedule for completing the device within a specified time (Public Procurement Guide, 2008). choice Planning In this level, the management should be focused on determining required materials or resources, laborers and tools that ar required in each step of the give. This step would be useful for making proper parceling of available resources in required places. It would also facilitate to avoid any improper allocation and wastage of valuable resources so that the project completes in time (Public Procurement Guide, 2008). Cost Planning Preparation of course of study with mention to allocation and use of cost is one of the vital parts for the management in the project plan. The stage comprises proper identification of required costs including internal and external costs. It also enables to make assessment of the beat of time required to complete the project, so estimation gage be made regarding the budget of the project and whether the project would require over-budgeting or not (Public Procurement Guide, 2008). b. ... With this concern, Spencer Moneysworth consulted with Expert Industrial Developers (EID) regarding making an estimation of exchange flow chart for the project. However, the EID provided an estimated plan of USD20 million with a schedule of 18 months for the project. However, the intention for Woody 2000 project was to prepare the project within USD17 million by including one million for first and last month and USD1.4 million each within the rest 10 months during the project. Moreover, the cost planning of EID depicts an excessive use of jacket along with making an estimation of longer schedule for the plan including professional services and construction works. With this concern, it can be said that there is a requirement for making evaluation of available alternatives in footing of accessible contractors that can provide lowest possible cost with efficient time schedule for the project. In the successive phases of the project, the aspect of proper time scheduling would be crucial as it can mostly affect positive or negatively on the factors such as project budget, delay and availableness of resources among others (Public Procurement Guide, 2008). c. Did the project plan explain how the project and any changes would be controlled? Should this be part of the plan? Give reasons. The overall plan for the Woody 2000 project explains the facet of bringing in changes by involving bundle as well as hardware to efficiently complete the project related tasks. By appointing Ian Leadbetter, a mechanical engineer, specialized in programming semi automatic manufacturing machinery, efficiency in the whole figure out of project schedule was desired to be brought. This aspect

Cooperate recruitment and selection policies Essay

Cooperate recruitment and selection policies - Essay ExampleThe outline behind recruitment is to come up with a group of competent, skilled and experienced individuals. Another Copernican aim is to cut on personnel cost. Employing inappropriate individuals is costly to the organization. In an organization, recruitment policy helps to realize the possible outcome prior to a successful recruitment process. The process involves looking into the position to be filled and determining the appropriate candidate to fill it. This will require proper outlined stock description and person specification. In addition, organizations goals are analyzed. Recruiting process involves the following preparation, by carefully examining recruitment. Secondly, decision is make on who will conduct the process. Thirdly, the employee is sourced using mingled ways which include, advertising the job position, using consultants and eventide online through the internet. Fourthly, organizations need to accom plish legislative obligations, and finally application methods to be used are resolved before hand.Recruitment and selection process involves several considerations, which include Organization to conduct appropriate cookery and estimation to come up with the duties, which the candidate appointed to fill a position, will be needful to perform. Secondly, the organization will come up with a group of individuals for the vacant positions in the organization by conducting recruitment process of internal or external candidates. Thirdly, each individual fills application forms. The fourth mistreat is whereby different selection methods are applied in order to identify appropriate candidates. These methods include conducting various tests, investigating ones background, and using set psychological exams. Fifthly, the selected candidates meet the organization coach-and-four who is responsible for that particular job. Finally, the manager and other members of the organization conduct sel ection interviews. The manager will

Plea Bargaining Essay Example for Free

prayer Bargaining EssaySearch for justice is a sensitive process. It entails accurateness and reliability. The truth, which is the road to justice, mustiness fully be established without any trace of doubt. The process itself is complicated and time- consuming. Nonetheless, it has to be undergone by e rattling party because of the peculiar life that is at stake. In immoral prosecution, the defendant has been guaranteed rights and privileges. This is so not because the legal system favors him that to shield himself from any arbitrary manipulation of the court or any legal officer. Constitutionally, the accused is presumed loose unless proven beyond reasonable doubt (Davis, 2007, p. 44). This is a underlying grant that fecal matternot be surrendered by the accused. nigh importantly, it is to avoid incrimination of innocent people. During the prosecution of the case, it is also very important that the accused undergoes the process of confession bargaining. Generally, ple a bargaining is the negotiation of an agreement between a prosecutor and a defendant whereby the defendant is permitted to plead fineable to a reduced charge (Merriam- Webster Online, 2008).Specifically, from the word bargaining, it entails two or more parties, normally the defendant and the prosecutor. On the bargaining, the defendant is given a choice whether to plead guilty and waive his constitutional right or to continue to trial. But before the defendant makes his choice, the prosecutor presents the circumstantial evidences that would lead to the assurance of the defendant. Sometimes, the prosecutor offers dropping some charges against the defendant or the crime ordain be lowered to a lighter offense in exchange of guilty plea by the defendant.It can be sight here that the prosecution is in control of the plea bargaining (Davis, 2007, p. 43). The plea bargaining process usually evokes negative reactions because of the belief that the defendants right is curtailed (Davis, 2007, p. 43). However, in many instances, it offers several benefits for both the defendant and the prosecutor. It has been said that criminal prosecution consumes time, money, and effort. Plea bargaining offers the shortening of the trial process when the defendant pleaded guilty.On the part of the prosecutor, if the defendant pleaded guilty, he no weeklong needs to conduct trials in every case that he operate (Davis, 2007, p. 43). Notably, the consequence of proving guilt beyond reasonable doubt lies on the prosecutor. If the defendant pleaded guilty, he is no longer required to establish every element of the crime being attributed to the defendant. In addition, the prosecutor leave behind be freed from stress of for presenting witnesses, sending subpoenas, preparing statements for every testimonies, and argue on every issue.Thus, the trial is shortened and the prosecutor can have other time for his other duties. However, in order to obtain all these, the prosecutor must offer an encouraging and sinewy incentive to the defendant. Th defendants rights to trial and innocence unless proven are a very essential privileges that cannot easily be surrendered. However, when the prosecution can easily establish the elements of the crime committed, the burden will certainly be met and the defendant will be put to prison.In addition, if the prosecutions evidences are strong enough, conviction for the defendant will easily be achieved. In these case, it is advantageous for the defendant to plead guilty so as not to expose him to long and tiring trial period. Additionally, it will also ostracize his family away from stressful trial process. Most importantly, some charges will be dropped in his favor, and he will also be penalized for lesser offense. It also follows that his criminal liability or term of imprisonment will be shortened.Furthermore, plea bargaining do not necessarily sacrifice the rights of the defendant because at the oncoming of the plea bargaining , he has given the freedom whether to enter a plea or not. The defendant is very aware of the consequences that the trial may bring to his life and his family, and at this particular stage, he is given a choice to obtain a favorable, or mitigating grant for himself. But definitely, if he is strongly aware that he is innocent, then his rights to trial and presumption of innocence shall be granted.

Pledge of Allegiance in School Essay Example for Free

Pledge of Allegiance in School EssayPledge of Allegiance in SchoolMy choice of writing for the Rogerian essay is on the motion of the Pledge of Allegiance in School. In a decision that stunned the nation, a federal official appeals court in June ruled that reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools is unconstitutional be pillowcase the pledge contains the spoken communication under immortal (Chmielewski). The banning of the Pledge of Allegiance is a very large controversial topic because one side believes that while the foundation of our country is religion, the other side believes that the reciting of the Pledge of Allegiance is an violation on our First Amendment right. The Pledge of Allegiance began in 1892.It was a way of showing a genius of celebration for being an American. Since 1892 the Pledge has been changed four times, and in 1954 the words under God were added (Chmielewski). A cause of the Pledge of Allegiance being banned from school is mostly because of these two words under God. An Atheist by the expose, Newdow, filed the claim against the pledge because he did not want his second grade young woman pressured into saying something that he does not believe (Chmielewski). I believe that this topic has quite a second of historic meaning because it basis is on our historical beginning. I think that because the times of our country and beat changed so much, in that, religion is not serious based on Christianity for our country anymore, it does way on peoples mind. I would like to show in this essay that the Pledge of Allegiance is an important part, not just in our schools, but in our nation.My research on this is going to be a bit strenuous. in that location are so many articles about court proceedings and individual states that it might be tough to find a common ground. Most of what I have read has just been the individual states versus the overbearing Court or, as in the case above, the Nine District Court. I have read ar ticles from Massachusetts, California, Washington, and Nevada, to name a few. Most of the articles also are very one sided. Meaning that the author shows what the problem in question is and then turns the article to what they believe.

Hazing Essay for Law Essay Example for Free

Hazing Essay for Law EssayHazing is a term that many mint be familiar with, but not everyone thinks of it in the same way. Hazing can be defined as any act that endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a savant, or that destroys or removes public or private property, for the purpose of initiation, admission into, affiliation with, or as a condition for the continued membership in a group or organization. The issue of hazing can be controversial at times because many feel that it is nothing more than a way for a group to link, but new(prenominal)s fight against all kinds of hazing because of their belief that hazing is a serious threat to those who have to expire it, especially the youths of the world. Hazing is more or less often associated with fraternities, but it is an issue in many different organizations, including sororities, the army, athletic teams, student clubs ( much(prenominal)(prenominal) as marching bands), and in high schools. Those who have ne ver been involved in hazing may revere why the victim would agree to the often humiliating or dangerous initiation rituals. The most normal answer to this question is that they participated because they believed it would give them a sense of belonging, despite the fact that these so- wawled traditions may terms the participants. Most anti-hazing laws make it clear that it does not matter if a person consented to be subject to hazing because of the closet they argon under at the time and their lack of noesis about what the process would involve.One of the most common forms of hazing, especially within fraternities and sororities, is the forced consumption of alcohol, often in lethal doses. One such incident involved Chuck Stevens, who was taken from his dorm in New York State, locked in the trunk of a car, and forced to drink a mix of bourbon, wine, and beer. Chuck died as a result of world hazed, and his mother, Eileen, has since founded the commission to Halt Useless College Killings, or C.H.U.C.K., in memory of her young son. This organization promotes awareness and educational programs, tries to come about alternatives to hazing, and works towards stricter anti-hazing laws.Peoples perception of exactly what hazing is often varies form person to person, which makes it hard to separate acceptable traditions from unaccepted traditions. notwithstanding people who have witnessed hazing rituals or been a part of a hazing ritual are averse to label it hazing because of the stigma associated with the word. Victims of hazing will often not report the incident because they are unsure if what they bugger offed is categorise as hazing and they are afraid of no longer being a part of the group they had worked so hard to join.A study conducted at Alfred University explored the various reasons why anyone would want to participate in a hazing ritual. close to half of those surveyed answered because they thought it was fun and exciting, but the majority of tho se students were only subjected to humiliating hazing. Other reasons hold they were scared to refuse, they felt it brought the group closer, they wanted to get out some aggression through fighting, and they were young when they agreed to the hazing. The study as well discovered that many students did not know whether hazing was illegal in their state, and that if there was a law, it made no significant difference in the level of hazing behaviour.Hazing is something that occurs much more than we are aware because most incidents go unreport. Those students who did report hazing also reported both positive and negative consequences of the actions affiliated by them and by others. A common occurrence among those hazed was depression, which often included anger, and if the hazing was physical, the victim may suffer internal bruising and pain. Not all hazing has such serious penalties, though, and one positive aspect that was reported by students is that they felt they had gained a va luable life experience and had been able to mature. The outcome of hazing is different for all(prenominal) person who goes through it and it all depends on what type of hazing they endure and for what purpose they felt it was worth agreeing to. past from hazing taking place in the fraternities and sororities of universities, it is also a dominant problem in schools athletic teams. Nearly 80 percent of student athletes reported being subjected to one ormore hazing behaviours, ranging from shaving their heads to being tied up and paddled, as part of their team initiations. Amazingly, only twelve percent of these students were willing to call what they had gone through hazing. Many rookies, especially males, are also forced to humiliate themselves and others through some kind of sexual abuse or nudity, such as walking around naked tour holding another mans genitals.Members of the University of Vermonts hockey team in reportedly carried out this shocking behaviour in October of 1999. Former UVM hockey player Corey LaTulippe, who filed a civil lawsuit against the university, has told the media that he was repeatedly subjected to hazing by other members of the team, and that school officials did nothing to end it. Womens athletic teams also face hazing rituals, but they are more belike to embarrass their rookies, where men are more likely to be involved in extreme hazing, such as beatings or theft.In addition to hazing being a major component of universities and high schools, it is also an issue that the array must deal with constantly. Military hazing can be used to describe anything from a good-natured punch on the stripes when someone is promoted, to Navy head words who make a new chief wear a dress, to boot camp activities when superiors or peers try to transform a balky recruit into a trustworthy team player. Hazing is an issue for branches of the military all over the world, including Canada, the United States, and Russia. Hazing in the Russian armed fo rces can be particularly harsh, considering that many first-year soldiers die at the hands of their grandfathers, or their superiors.In the United States, the public knew nothing about military hazing until 1956, even though it began over a century ago. Just a few short years ago, there was a scandal that rocked the military when videotapes of Marines participate in blood pinnings were released to the media. This initiation ritual involved Marines ramming gold-wing pins into the chests of fellow Marines, which sickened all those who viewed the graphic footage. disdain the many dangers that are associated with hazing, experts warn against eliminating it altogether. Sociologist Jamie Bryshun has said that the traditions often run too deep, and nothing any cultivate or university administrator says or does can end them. There is fear that if all hazingis completely forbidden, past the organizations will just take it underground, where it may become even more dangerous. Different gro ups have well-tried to come up with alternatives to hazing, such as planning special events as a way for the members to bond with each other.The penalties for participating in hazing are on the rise. Hazing is now illegal in 41 states in the U.S.A., and many are working towards increasing that number. Under Texas law, hazing has been committed if a person engages in hazing, solicits, encourages, directs, aids, or attempts to aid another in engaging in hazing, intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly permits hazing to occur, or has firsthand knowledge that a hazing incident is being planned or has occurred and does not report their knowledge to the proper authorities.Even if the person has agreed to be a part of the hazing activity, it is mum classified as hazing and charges could still be filed. Some criminal penalties include a fine up to $1000 and/or up to one hundred eighty years in jail for failing to report hazing, a fine of $1000-$5000 and/or 180 days to one year in jail for being involved in hazing that resulted in serious bodily injury, and a fine of $5000-$10000 and/or one to two years in jail for participating in hazing that resulted in the death of someone.Despite the increase in awareness about the subject of hazing and the tougher anti-hazing laws, it is still a major problem for organizations all over the world. Even though many have died and limitless others have been hospitalized, the trend of dangerous hazing has continued to grow, and it will not end until groups such as universities and the military receive a major wake up call. It is up to the leaders of the organizations to ensure that all its members are made to feel safe and no longer pressured to participate in activities that they know could endanger their lives.

Cultural Dimensions Essay Example for Free

Cultural Dimensions Essay1)Give the definition and objectives of your cultural marks (what does the dimension measure? what do you loss to measure? For instance ability to work in groups, individual empowerment (for the individual/collective dimension). rotate and Specific orientated destinations The most apparent difference is the ability to separate private from professional life. In diffused cultures, the private and professional lives are closely linked whereas specific cultures keep them separate.Additionally, specific cultures abet directness, precision, and transparency. Also, people from specific orientated cultures are able to remove themselves from a situation in regards to principles and values. This core that specific orientated cultures encourage objectivity.This is in contrast with the diffuse orientated culture that is more validating and highly subjective. Furthermore, it can be said that this culture is more informal and social-orientated.2)Illustrate the dimension referring not lonesome(prenominal) to the professional life. Describe situations in which the dimension may impact behaviors. For instance when somebody cries in the classroom, (for the electroneutral/ affective dimension).For example, if a manager is invited to dinner by employees, in a specific-orientated culture, the manager might mitigate the invitation as he or she wouldnt feel it is appropriate whereas in a diffuse orientated culture this might be seen as an opportunity to bring informality to the relationship. So in a company based in Germany, this invitation would be seen as inappropriate because Germany has a more specific culture whereas in Finland this wouldnt necessarily be frowned upon as it is more diffuse orientated.3)In order to measure your dimension among persons of different nationality, prepare a series or questions (MCQ or Yes/No type are easier to analyze).

Motivation in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

requisite in the Workplace EssayMotivation is difficult to explain and practice. However demand is still the one thing that makes people productive in their works. Whether the motivation is tangible or not, it all depends on the private and how solicitude takes the information and applies it. There argon m each theories and practices that push aside be studied and applied to any situation. Motivational theories ar studied and unspoiled by theorists and companies to change magnitude productiveness. According to Jerald Greenberg (1999) scientist have defined motivations as the process of arousing, directing and maintaining doings towards a conclusion. The act of arousing is fall in to the trust and vigor to produce. Directing is the election of behavior, and maintenance is the inclination to endure a certain manner until the desired out(p)come is met (Greenberg 1999).Much of the motivation theories will be cited to the definition provided. Some major motivation theories along with the method to successfully activate employees will be introduced. The theory and method that a theatre director may choose to hold will depend on the environment and on the item-by-item. There atomic number 18 two types of motivation theories content and process. The Content theories atomic number 18 establish on the elementary necessitate and drives. The other theories focus on the process by which people are rund (Pepitone, 1999). Content theories of motivation focus on this question What causes behavior to occur and stop? The answers usually center on (1) the necessarily, motives or desires that drive pres incontestable and forces employees to exercise and (2)employees relationships to the incentive that lead, induce, pull and persuade them to perform.The unavoidably or motives are internal to the individual. They cause people to choose a specialised course of action to satisfy a need. Incentives are external factors that give value or utility t o the goal or outcome of the employees behavior (Pepitone, 1999). Abraham H. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is a content motivational theory. Maslows alkali was human behavior. He conducted his investigation between 1939 and 1943. The hierarchy of needs has five sets of goals that are called basic needs. Maslows idea was people will not be healthy and well-adjusted unless they have their needs met (Greenberg 1999). Maslow faced the needs in different levels in order of importance. As in a hierarchy the commence level are the most basic needs and the top are the higher level needs. facial expression at the figure below one can see how the hierarchy works.The lower order needs must be met before proceeding to the higher order needs. According to Greenberg (1999), Maslows needs are in the following order physiological need, sentry duty need, social need, esteem need, and self-actualization. Mans basic needs are physiological, for example, hunger, thirst, sleep, etc. When these are sa tisfied they are replaced by safety needs reflecting ones desire for protection against danger or deprivation. These in turn, when satisfied are replaced by the need for love or belonging to, which are functions of mans desire to belong to a group, to give and receive friendly relationship and to associate happily with people. When these needs have been satisfied, the esteem needs seeks to be met. superstar desires self -esteem and self-respect, which are affected by a persons standing reputation, and his need for recognition and appreciation. Finally, individuals have a need for self-actualization or a desire for self-fulfillment.The urge by individuals for self-development, creativity and job satisfaction (Boeree 1999) In the past, management retorts systems have attempted to satisfy an individuals lower level needs for safety and physiological security, for protection against deprivation and the threat to a worker or his family. However, management rewards systems should be, ai ming to satisfy the individuals actual need (Boeree 1999). When believed that a certain reward is important and can be attained, the individual will demonstrate a given(p) amount of try. This in turn will be show in performance. The link between effort, performance and expectancy is about accomplishing the task. The links between the performance and reward are connected. Ones assumption for whether the rewards are available if the person worked effectively describes the link. In this link the manager/organization is responsible of acknowledging the performance of the employee. If the manager/organization does not acknowledge the employee, there can be a breakdown in the motivation. The acknowledgment needs to be direct, strong, and immediate.Employees usually determine in advance what their behavior may accomplish and the value they place on alternative possible accomplishments or outcomes. Goal setting theory is the specification of goal to increase performance. Assigning difficu lt goals usually takings in higher performance. Goal setting has three components that have to be used to successfully book this concept. First the identification of the process, then the characteristics and finally the feedback. The characteristics of goal setting consist of making the goal specific and challenging. The goal must be challenging to increase self-efficacy. It has been noted that a difficult task tends to increase an employees performance. This may be because usually people work harder to reach a challenging goal as long it is believed that it can be done.Lastly, feedback will allow people to be informed of their climb on. This stage usually included praises about the good job that has been done (Wheaton Cameron, 1998). The descriptions of content and process theories of motivation traffic with organizational and individual behavior are briefly explained. The explanation is only a basis for a better understanding on why and how to blast the concept of motivating employees. All the theories conclude that the manner that managers perceive their organizations and their employees affect their productivity. Whether they are private, public or non-profit organization their aim is to be productive and effective. When sounding at the different sectors, they have different goals and objectives, and therefore they must take different approaches in management.though this may be true we must also acknowledge that all sectors require one to prompt their round to produce. As managers we must into consideration the different type of individual that make up our organizations. One must modify management styles and behaviors. Dr. Renis Likert has researched many organizations and developed an effective manner to motivate employees and have a productive organization. He has identified four management styles that he receives should be a part of management style in an organization. First exploitive style is where management makes all the decisions and the lower levels are given no power this style has an authoritative approach. The second is the benevolent style that has an authoritative approach, however in this case the management has some trust. The consultative style has substantial amount of trust in their faculty. The module is move by reward and some involvement.There is some communication and teamwork involved. Lastly the participative style is to a greater extent of the group approach. Management has confidences in their staff and the staff feels responsible in accomplishing the organizations mission. This style encourages communication and teamwork. The participative style is the best approach for profit and customer service organizations. Organizations should make the transition to train management to motivate their staff using the participative approach ( puddle 1991). As a manager it is difficult to motivate your staff to be productive however, using certain methods can create a positive environment. It was thought that money motivated people but that has changed. Much of the theories discussed before deal with individual behaviors and needs. One can conclude that motivation is internal and as employers one must make observations and decide what each individual desires.According to Cook (1991) manager must give their staff as much as an organization can. Many employees requisite to have benefits and security, however what happens after a job has provided those needs. Remember that Maslow theory has the five needs of an individual and they do not all deal with the necessary needs. As an employer identifying what stage your employee is in will booster in putting a plan into action. Collaboration is a way to give employees the feeling of importance. Eliminating any kind of obstacle will create an atmosphere that your staff is eager to perform (Bruce, A. Pepitone, J. 1999). Another approach is educating your employees and matches them to projects that they find interesting and those on which th ey are knowledgeable. Employees are willing to work harder on projects that they can relate to. This will also increase their success rate that will help in improving their self-esteem. in time another way to increase productivity is with empowerment.Giving people the choice to make decisions and giving them the tools and supports to their job will increase the inner motivation force within the employees. Encourage staff to satisfy their need for affiliation and create a relationship with the employee to be part of the organizations mission. It is difficult to motivate employees when a managers view is negative. For instance a managers behavior is explained with McGregors Theory X or Theory Y. In this case a manager must identify what style of managing is most effective. construct morale is an important concept when motivating employees. Morale will help create productivity in an organization. Developing a shared vision is a way to begin building morale. For instance as managers, one must communicate views honestly a directly during discussion with employees about performance. Make sure they have the necessary information to do their job. Allow employees to influence their own performance goals. Get out of the office, be visible and accessible. Communicate a clear view of the long-range direction of the organization. Listen guardedly and consider the opinions of others open-mindedly before evaluating staff. Communicate high personal standards informally with day-to-day contact.Remember to acknowledge the progress that the staff has achieved either with certificates, a note or just a tap on the shoulder. The staff wants to be told that they are doing a good job (Pepitone Bruce, 1999). Again empowering staff requires some basic principles. swear the staff what their responsibilities are. Give them authority equal to their responsibilities. Set standards of excellence. Provide people with training that will change them to meet these standards. Provide feedb ack on performance. Recognize them for their achievements. Trust and treat them with dignity and respect (Nelson 1997). Showing staff that management is listening and affirming that you understand their view will create positive work environment. The language that use is also very important. Using we and us when speaking of the organization this will make the staff feel a part of the organization, thus improving the productivity of the staff.Encourage employees to make suggestion no take how small the idea may be, and this will create a comfortable environment and inspire more significant ideas (Cook 1991). It is important to point out, however, that motivation must be used wisely. The misuse of some theories and techniques could go out in negative consequences. Remember that employees who receive rewards on performance tend to perform better than employees in groups where rewards are not based on performance. Understanding the causes of human behavior can predict the behavior t o the extent that the behavior can be controlled. Therefore, if managers understand the relationship between incentives, motivation, and productivity, they should be able to predict the behavior of their employees.Consequently, managers who know this, and know how to apply given incentive, can expect to realize increased productivity from employees. Today, 70% of employees are less motivated while 50% only put enough effort into their work to keep their job (Spitzer 1995). Many managers are not sure of the technique to use to motivate their staff. The best way to find what motivates staff is to ask them directly. This may be done informally or during performance evaluations. Find out what he/she wants from the organization and what makes them happy. A happy employee will be more productive than an unhappy one. If there has been a problem with absenteeism it may be because the organization is not fulfilling their needs. Whether it is need for achievement, the need for power, the need for affiliation, or the basic needs as studied by Herzberg, McClelland, or Maslow as a manager must examine and modify the management approach.ReferencesBoeree, C. George (2006) Abraham Maslow. Available http//webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.htmlCook, M. (1991). 10-Minute Guide to Motivating People. innovative York Alpha BookGreenberg, J. (1999) Managing Behavior in Organizational (2nd Ed.). current Jersey Prentice HallLearning, Reinforcement, takings System and Self-Management Teams. Available www.emporio.eduNelson, B (1997). 1001 Ways to Energize Employees. New York Workman PublishingPepitone, J. Bruce, A. (1999) Motivating Employees. New York McGraw HillSpitzer, D. (1995). Super Motivation. New York AMACON.Wheaton Cameron.(1998) Developing Management Skills 4th Ed. Addison Wesley Inc

International Organisations and their role in environmental protection Essay Example for Free

foreign Organisations and their role in environmental safeguard EssayOur planet has become a risk confederation being opened to the disastrous trends as a result of the harm caused by humans. There are several risks with vary magnitude and severity such(prenominal) as the lifelike disasters like groundquakes, tsunami, tornado etc. and man-made disasters such as biological weapons, nu swooning programme and so forth. Ulrich Beck, the German anthropologist intimates that the above mentioned factors indicate a institution risk society. Natural hazards are existential threats to the entire human lives.Rising or falling sea take aim can remold the worlds coastlines and seashores and most of the densely populated areas on earth will be affected as a result. There is a drastic change in the behavior and rhythm of the sea that the uniformity of the sea which was found previously is terribly missing now. The vitality beings in these coastal areas would be going for a task it affects the agricultural fields and extends to a level of causing great damage to cities across the coastal areas.As per the ideas of Intergoernmental Panel on Climate spay (IPCC), the coastal regions inclusive of mangroves, reefs and several opposite regions are on high risk. Another alarming egress is the nursery effect. The role of Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen nitride are proportionately high when relatively compared to the other greenhouse gases. Reports from IPCC confirm an anticipated response in proportion to the rapid increase in greenhouse gases. The overall effect is observed to increase the temperature of atmosphere, precipitation and evaporation rates.Rising ocean levels and relative changes in the atmosphere are additional effectuate. Another relevant effect which is thrown in lime high spirits is global warming- a rapid increase in the temperature of earths atmosphere (in simple words the air we breathe) due(p) to the blockage of the earths radia tion, that reflects back from the surface of the earth, caused by the formation of a blanket like layer from the undue emission of hazardous gases such as Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen nitride.This is also the case for window glass rain due to the hazardous contamination of clouds with these gases the rain gets polluted and returns to the earth in the form of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid and so on. All the above mentioned effect have led to the depletion of a huge diameter of ozone especially in Australia and according to the reports it continues to expand. The practice of nuclear energy testing and the toss out of nuclear waste has led to change in the demographic position of tectonic plates which was the main reason for tsunami and earthquakes in India, Indonesia and the other coastal regions.It is important to be reminded that the disaster has caused a huge death toll. In addition to the existing hazards, at that place are so many pandemic dise ases such as SARS, shuttlecock flu, swine flu and other diseases that have targeted several countries, leading to a significant death toll. International Organisations any individual has started giving a thought active the environmental protection and preservation of energy. They are unhinged that the next generation would be left empty with nothing in reserve for survival.Environmental protection has become e really countrys concern in todays world. In their feat to prevent environment from further deadening of environment, the states push off the economical cost to be borne by someone or the other, walking away(p) with whatever return that could be incurred in the attempt. We are running on high risk with clear evidences such as hole in the Ozone layer, fast melting of icebergs, global warming and many natural havocs which are a result of exceeded exploitation of nature by human.The forthcoming natural hazards would be fifty-fifty worse beyond the imagination of human br ain. Many International organisations such as World meteorological Organisation, UNEP, UNDP and IPCC have played a major(ip) role in the protection of environment. UN Division for Ocean personal business and the Law of the ocean (shortly recognized as DOALAS) is the secretariat of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). DOALAS in coordination with UNCLOS assists, advices and submits reports on the marine resources, ecosystem and environment.Similarly the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) established in 1902 an International Organisation attributed to the protection and preservation of the living beings and to maintain a check on the ecological equipoise of the North Atlantic Sea. The report also includes the rate of contamination and the source of contamination. This guides them to decide on the locomote to curtail preventable contamination if any.United Nations Environment create by mental act (UNEP) an association formed to cr eate sentience on the issues of environmental hazards, the causes of the environmental hazards and eventually to raise voice against the industrial sectors or individual accountable for environmental degradation. When the depletion of ozone layer was brought into limelight by the American scientists, UNEP and few NGOs volunteered to make a consolidated motility to build awareness among public through public awareness programmes.In response to the bourgeoning harmful effects of climate change, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) came up with a group that would focus entirely on various scientific and socio-economic contributions geared towards understanding environmental and resource degradation brought about by climate change. This notable body was called Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Its main objective is to get the horizon of different scientists and other professionals from all over the world in dictate to touch all facets of causes and effect s of climate change.Through this way, concrete actions could be taken based on the reports released by the intergovernmental body. According to the global Environment Outlook 1 (UNEP Report, 1997), there has been a remarkable progress with regards to the implementation of biodiversity, climate and desertification collections however, there is still a visible lack of urgency present from across the globe. These reports which consist of environmental issues would be nothing if the society continuously fails to recognize the implications of their actions towards nature.Environmental progress in an international level could solo be met if strong governmental structure and environmental unity would be strictly imposed on all regions of economic victimization. European Environmental Agency was established in 1990 aimed at consistent development and record maintenance on the improvements in Europes environment. They conduct periodical meeting and exchange information on the report subm itted to know the real condition of the environment.They also established European environment information and observation network (Eionet) to provide a coordinated effort towards the protection of environment and preservation of resources. They form a group of 27 EU member countries which is inclusive of Turkey, Liechtenstein, Iceland, Switzerland and Norway Just recently, the European Environmental Agency (EEA) released their report entitled Signals 2009 which highlights the primary environmental issues confronting Europe.One of the most violationing challenges of Europe is the sustenance of water in certain regions experiencing the blow of climate change. Some of the regions such as Cyprus and Turkey have been experiencing calamitous drought over the past few years which is why the water demand continuous to increase in an yearly basis. In response to this trend, EEA recommends the need for adaptation and climate change mitigation in order to decrease the emissions of greenhou se gases within Europe.Governmental policies on adaptation also call for concrete projects that would tap the inevitable resources in order to store and supply enough water for the people (Signals, 2009, p. 11). Nevertheless, the Signals 2009 Report covered charming yet informative depictions of what will become of our planet if none of these highly suggested plans of action were realized by the end of this year. Another enlightening and results-driven undertaking rose in October 2008 and it was managed by the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP).This program wanted to veer away from the regional impact of climate change. It would rather focus on building an all-in-one package that would support the way nations govern their society as well as incorporate earth friendly systems in their future developmental plans. The plan deemed necessary to build the Earth System Governance Project which aims to engage more and more actors who judge to strengthen the current architecture of institutions and networks at local and global level (Earth System Governance Organization, 2008, p. ). more(prenominal) so, this project finds it important to concentrate on five specific aspects that would form the structure and content of their apprehension plan, and these are architecture, agency, adaptiveness, accountability and assignation and access. All the same, they have integrated the themes of power, knowledge, norms and scale into their agenda in order to strengthen the formulation and implementation of their analysis on massive environmental problems hitting our planet today.though it is a politically-driven concept, it aspires, nonetheless, to create a globally regarded research network where every country can benefit from the projects and breakthroughs done by concerned scientists. The Role of United Nations UNEP conducted an international conference in Washington in 1977 with the issuance of World plan of Action for the Ozone layer and an Ad Hoc working party was formed to be in charge of the issue. The working party was constituted of environmental experts from 22 countries, eventually they submit a report of all the negotiations at the end of the ever year.The Toronto Group (IO formed by USA, Canada and Scandinavian countries) pinpointed the increase release of CFC from EU. EU refused to agree to reduce the production of CFC by using the egest that there was no evidence to prove the connection amidst ozone depletion and CFC. Eventually in 1985, Vienna convention was established. It is an agreement signed by most of the European countries and the objective is to acknowledge the efforts to protect ozone layer and to collaborate to protect the layer.The UNEP along with the Toronto Group conducted marathons for public awareness and various conferences to insist the reduction of CFC by a significant proportion say 95%, but the EU agreed to reduce it alone by 50% in 1999 due to the pressure from Germany . Yet the developing countries and small countries were under fearsome pressure as the bring down production of CFC would affect their growth, eventually they agreed to reduce it to a great extent as much as 300 grams per capita. In 2000, EU joined 81 states and showed an active participation in ban the production of CFC.The developing countries were guaranteed financial aids to assist the reduced production of CFC. The USA and Japan was slowly backing out with its slowing of the process whereas EU was very concerned and it continued till 2004, until the issues were resolved and the countries agreed to stop the production of CFC completely. There were a number of treaties such as Vienna convention of 1985, the Montreal Protocol of 1987, the Amendments of London (1990), Copenhagen(1992), Vienna(1995), Montreal (1997) and Beijing (1999) (www. nep. org/ozone/index. asp) regarding the fund allocation and technical assistance. World Bank, UNEP and UNDP played a major role in allocation of funds to move Montreal Protocol. In the context of dealing with transboundary environmental issues, UNEP and WMO (World Meteorological Organisation) played a major role in the formation of Coordinating committee on the Ozone Layer (CCOL). The objective of the committee was to create awareness and to extend the pros and cons of Ozone depletion.Later with the help of the scientists they were able to discover the fact that the reduced production of CFC will open towards the decelerated depletion of Ozone perhaps would not stop the depletion completely. The Ozone was measured by the US space agency NASA, the connection between the CFC emancipation and the depletion in the Ozone layer was also proved. Conclusion Global environmental issues have evermore been an issue of concern since there were no coordinated efforts from the International organisations.As a result, the continued efforts to preserve Mother Nature from the industrialist countries and developing countries have not been successful down the years. The industrialised countries were concerned about their growth and in the process failed to realise hazardous effect that was caused in turn. The most prudent effort of an International organisation purely depends on the way it deals with the political and technical accords. Several times their attempt to convince the developing countries and capitalistic countries was in vain.Most of the times the International Organisations are driven by the politics of the global economy and that is the major cause for a biased decision making. Nations which follow the ideologies of capitalism and socialism, both followed paths to develop their countries at the cost of exploiting the environment and causing maximum utilization of available resources. The major reason for such an unorganised work style, according to liberalists, is due to the lack of global governance.

Modern History Essay on USA Civil Rights Movement Essay Example for Free

Modern History Essay on USA civilised Rights exercise EssayIn the USA from 1865, when slavery was abolished and African American people where supposedly considered separate besides equal by the constitution, to the 1960s, when the African Americans where actually considered equal, segregation practises where being endorsed throughout the USA. Segregation was the practice of separating the clear Americans and the African Americans. Segregation occurred when the white Americans continued their upper status on the previously enslaved African Americans, hence maintaining the African Americans status of repression. However throughout the later 1950s to 1960s American went through the Civil Rights Movement, in which the African Americans aimed for a de nonintegrated society that maintained equality. Throughout the Civil Rights Movement some non- barbarian remonstrations were held creating acquire coming upon urging changes to be made deep down segregated social areas. Ther efore non-violent direct confrontation was the successful means which helped to end segregation practises in the USA. Non- force play was the concept of holding a objection that was inactive and did not retaliate to violence that was likely to be present.The most successful aspect of these protests was direct confrontation. This was when the African Americans would directly break angiotensin-converting enzyme of the rules in public segregation, causing direct friction within the segregated society, to push the boundaries in which African American people where confined. The confrontation along with the friction created by these dispassionate protests predominantly concluded with change due to the persistence of the African Americans. Despite the escalating violence that was waiting at the majority of the African Americans protests they continued, fighting for their civil rights as humans.One of the most supported organisations for African Americans, by not only African Americans themselves but also white Americans in support of desegregation, was the National connecter for the Advancement of Coloured People (the NAACP). As well one of the most historically supported leaders of the NAACP, Martin Luther Kings virtues for desegregation was non-violent protesting. The increasing levels of support for the NAACP helped create mass protest to which those higher up within the g everyplacenment would be forced into acting upon to eradicate the chance of the protest escalating into a violent scene caused by the white Americans. Therefore it is clearly evident that non-violent, direct confrontation was a marginally successful approach to the Civil Rights Movement. Throughout the Civil Rights Movement the media played a major portion in the method of non-violence in the ending of segregation.Although the African Americans had a great dedication to their protests they would not create been as greatly supported through these protests without the media. Television stat ion camera men, reporters and photographers, where able to capture the violence and abuse directed at the African Americans, thus demonstrating the resilience of the protesters. Furthermore showing the ecumenical American public that in these government agencys of protests the aggressors where the white Americans and the treatment of the African Americans were unjust. Not only was this evidence of repression upon the African Americans displayed amongst the American media but also global media.Therefore effecting Americas superior reputation amidst the rimy War, giving the current enemy reason as to why capitalism was potentially failing and to their introduce supporters and potential supporters. This global recognition for a Civil Rights struggle gave motivation to politics to act upon this situation to maintain their global reputation. Therefore the recognition of the African Americans repression and unjust treatment was national and globally recognised, thus gaining support fro m white Americans after this realisation.Hence the global realisation of this unjust treatment emphasised the collect of social change to the government therefore giving some explanation as to the equality that becomes desegregation. some(prenominal) of the non-violent protests African Americans undertook where simple acts however they caused extravagant aggravation due to racist view that the superior dowery of Americans had grown up amongst. One of the protests conducted by seven African Americans and six white Americans was abruptly stop when bus companies refused to carry them on further through their journey as they were confronted with a brutal wad that violently physically abused them and destroyed the busses that carried them.This protest was the Freedom Rides, protesting to desegregate bus terminals and associated facilities. However former(a) protest groups pushed forward with the Freedom Rides continuing the journey and withstanding the violence until significant act ion was taken by the government. The desegregation for bus terminal andassociated facilities was finally arranged after a major uprise in support for these freedom Riders.Much alike the Freedom Rides, Lunch Counter Sit-Ins were a peaceful protest than ended the desegregation of lunch counters. It started with the simple act on February 4th with of four African American college students sitting at a Woolworths lunch counter until the stores closing after being refused serves due to their race. This protest escalated in size and expanded rapidly due to the support it received. Over 50,000 people participated in one or more of the sit ins within a year in over 15 different states and various cities. Due to the size and direct confrontation of this protest, abuse and violence erupted in many of the Sit-Ins encouraging the government to desegregate to maintain the countries reputation.Thus although many of the protests conducted where simple acts of rebellion for the African Americans th e persistence of them where found confronting to the white Americans therefore resulting in change. Further on during the Civil Rights Movement it became evident that many other organisations for African Americans gained further support, this including the Muslim religion and in particular those surrounding Malcolm X. Although Malcolm Xs and Martin Luther Kings values for the equality of African Americans differ, their main aim was equality with the white Americans.Malcolm X supported maintaining the separation of the races where as King supported the integrating of the races in an equal society. Malcolm X was an activist of the Muslim religion he focused in eradicating the repression on the African Americans that was being held upon by the white Americans, much alike Martin Luther King. However they differ as Kings protests were supporting the integration of the races and living peacefully together, were as Malcolm believed in the maintaining of the separation of the races. Howev er as history has proven within American prior to the late 1950s that separate is not equal, as much as that whitethorn be the aim. Hence it becomes evident that Malcolm Xs protests didnt succeed in the equality of African American, whereas Martin Luther Kings non-violent protests to integrate proved very successful.Therefore throughout the Civil Rights Movement many different protests where held, and many different organisations where supported however the most successfully was non-violence. These non-violence tactics as utter earlier, where the most effective due to the media coverage, persistence of the large quantity and direct confrontation. Without these aspects the non-violence practices for ending segregation within the USA wold not have been as nearly as efficient. Thus using non-violent methods as a means for ending segregation within the USA proved to be highly successful.

Abortion, a Controversial Word in the US Essay Example for Free

Abortion, a arguable Word in the US EssayAbortion is champion of longest debated subjects in the fall in States. E preciseone has an idea on it. Abortion is the removal of an embryo or foetus from the uterus to end a pregnancy. both(prenominal) be pro-choice and round atomic number 18 pro- look. Everyone has seen the protestors on sidewalks and in front of clinics with their signs for the pro- liveliness side. We live in the United States, where we consume the right to choose therefore Abortion is legal. Some may still call back Abortion as murder, entirely still cleaning char muliebrity keep a right to choose what they do with their own bodies. Pro- spirit group whole tone that the women should continue the pregnancy, have the child, and either deal with it when it is born or put it up for adoption. pro-choice group feel that women have a choice to have an miscarriage if the feel like that is the right option for them. This paper will discuss the argument of Pro -Choice and why it is the best option for the United States. A lot of people may disagree with the Pro-choice status, merely there are many reasons why a woman should have a say in what she does with her own body. Pro-choice is best option because it keeps abortion legal in the United States.See more The st ripens of consumer buying termination process essayObviously, there are some restrictions set in place. 32 states require a parental consent for minor undergoing an abortion. The highest percentages of women who receive abortions are Caucasians, unmarried and within the age range 0f 20 25. The period of most received abortions is within the first 8 weeks of gestations. Most women have abortions because a pregnancy would drastically change their lifestyle and/or they are non in a financially stable place in their life. Most abortion clinics will not perform a procedure after 8 weeks.There is now a drug called mifepristone that can be taken orally that is an alternative to a s urgical procedure and most women have opted for this. This drug mustiness be taken before 7 weeks. There is a confidentiality agreement between patients and clinics that must be signed. Mandatory counseling before and after procedures are performed. Post abortion birth control methods are discussed and put in place so abortions and unplanned pregnancies can be prevented. There are diametrical types of birth control or a contraceptive that can suit the woman it all depends on what is best for her.The different types of options available are male/female condoms, daily pills, injections, patches, implants, vaginal rings, or abstinence. either of these things come into play when women are making the choice. (Richard, J. R. , 1994) Women choose abortion for many reasons. These reasons could compensate their conclusiveness saddle-sore for them, unless to them they feel like this was best. Abortion could be the best option for many reasons such as, rape, incest, or health issues. If a woman has been raped she should not have to carry let on such a painful reminder of what has happened to her everyday.Incest could be viewed in the same way, not only that there could be something premature with the child. As well as health issues, such as an ectopic pregnancy, this could be a life threatening pregnancy to the woman and/or the baby so the pregnancy should be terminated. All of these are reasons that a woman should have opted for abortion, tho what if she just simply is not ready for a child. Does this make her a bad person because she opts to have an abortion because she is not financially stable or any(prenominal) other reason hinders her from carrying out this pregnancy?Women can be at various stages in their life just like men can be, and they may not be ready for their whole life to be changed by pregnancy and raising a child so they opt for abortion. There are many reasons women make the decision, but no one should judge them but themselves. Many people f eel as though abortion is murdering a child. They feel as though the woman who has chosen to have the abortion has taken the fetuses right to a life. Most people who are pro-life feel very adamant about the abortion subject and feel like it should be illegal in the United States.A lot of pro-life people have religious beliefs that come into play when the make their decision to become pro-life. Religious groups and Pro-life groups will lead protests outside of abortion clinics that can make some woman uncomfortable because the force their opinions on them. (Douglas, D. M. 2002) These protests are a little extreme a woman should be able to make up their own mind in a calm environment. No matter what the side everyone is entitled to their own view and opinion, but what it all comes down to is the womans decision and what she decides to with her own body.Pro-life groups and religious groups are using the Laci Peterson case as a official document in the abortion debate recently. This wa s brought up in the debate because of the Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004. This elbow room that a person who kills a woman carrying a fetus well into pregnancy, that fetus is treated as a human in criminal proceedings. This person would be convicted of two separate crimes, one of the woman carrying the fetus and then the fetus itself. This has been brought up in the abortion debate because why is this consider murder, but abortion is not.The answer is simple, abortions cannot happen after a certain point in pregnancy. The woman choosing an abortion is dealing with her own body, making her own decision. On the other hand in a vehement criminal situation as the Laci Peterson case, there was no choice here, but a man cleansing an innocent woman who happened to be very pregnant and she did not make that choice. To take away the womans right to choose could result in destroying the womans life, thereby ruling that the fetus is more important than the woman (Planned Parenthood). This cannot be compared to abortion in anyway whatsoever.Abortion is such a controversial issue in the United States. It is almost like a cuss word that should not be brought up at the dinner table. It is always a hot topic for political and presidential candidates. It is definitely something that is a complicated subject here in our society. Abortion gets so much scrutiny, but why. battalion have the choices to get all kinds of crazy plastic surgeries that puts their life in danger composition under the knife so to speak. Why shouldnt a woman have the option to do what she wants with her body? It is her body and no one elses.Obviously there should be some certain human ways to do these things and safety precautions, but if she is not ready for a child or for any(prenominal) reason is hindering her from carrying out this pregnancy its no one elses business but her own and her doctors. Yes some may not agree with that womans decision, but it was her decision. People disagree abou t things all the time, and this will just have to be another. Deontology would solves this ethical issue of Pro-choice versus Pro-life. Deontology is the study of lesson obligation and necessity, finding the source of ethical correctness in the rules according to which one acts.It rejects utilizing the results or consequences of an act to evaluate an act as moral thus it is a non-consequentialist theory (Mosser, K. 2010. debut to ethics and complaisant responsibility. Glossary). Basically it means that this is what the person or woman feel she has to do, like she is out of options. Yet, utilitarianism could also apply here as well because if the abortions are going to bring about the greatest goods for the woman then it is best. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines the moral value of an act in terms of its results and if those results obtain the greatest good for the greatest number.As consequential theory, it is contrasted with non-consequentialist theories () Ba sically if the outcome will provide the greatest amount of good to everyone it affects then it is best. Emotivism could not solve this issue because the woman is a subject of view no matter which choice she chooses whether it be abortion or not. Emotivism is the perspective on ethics that moral evaluations are merely expressions of approval and disapproval, and that ethics is constituted solely by these expressions (Mosser, K. 2010. Introduction to ethics and Social responsibility. Glossary).Abortion is a heated debate that has continued across the United States and will continue in all likelihood for years to come. Pro-choice is the best choice for The U. S. because it keeps abortion legal in the States even f the dispute rages on. Women have a right to chose what they do with their own bodies no matter what their reasoning. They should not be judged for their decisions either. Their decision to have an abortion is for the greatest good or because they are out of options in thei r own lives. indeed Pro-choice and legal abortion should continue in the United States.