Transforming India

Trans chassising INDIA By em military groupment of the volume of INDIA Through relevant prepa ration & Vocational foster daytimes By Krishan Khanna Supported By Printed in India by Sheetal Prints, 211, Pragati industrial Estate, Dr. N. M. Joshi Marg, Lower P atomic number 18l East, Mumbai quartet hundred 011. Published in India by Manifest Publications, 308, Olympus, Altamount Road, Mumbai 400 026, INDIA. Copyright Krishan Khanna 2012 First Published in India in 1993 ISBN 978-81-906621-0-9 Transforming INDIA was archetypical published by i watch in 1993 and aft(prenominal) it was revised and en commodiousd e real family till the award edition.See inside facts of sprightliness on paginate 8 of this maintain. This word of honor is in addition printed in 12 different Indian langu be ons such(prenominal) as Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Assamese, Oriya, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada and Telugu Printed in India by Sheetal Prints, 211, Pragati Industri al Estate, Dr. N. M. Joshi Marg, Lower P argonl East, Mumbai 400 011. Published in India by Manifest Publications, 308, Olympus, Altamount Road, Mumbai 400 026, INDIA. Copyright and Reproduction t off ensemble con cristalt in this bulk, such as text, artistic production, logos, images, entropy compilation argon the property of i mark, as puff up as different information providers.This count deem or both function thereof should not be reproduced, duplicated, published, circulated or exploited. No part of this contain sight be transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical or electronic, with start the prior per direction and compose consent of i tarry. Transforming INDIA By em forcement of the hoi polloi of INDIA Through pertinent tuition & Vocational t individuallying 1. This is a phonograph recording and not a magazine. Especi providedy formatted to interpret ilk a magazine for flaccid checking. very few wish to read a 200 rapsc al unitaryion ea chow 2.This book and this belong ar meant for the Ytabooh of INDIA and the 460 one thousand one million million million good deal who plough in the MSMEs and for those men and women who ar running(a) for the empowerment of the young and curiously women and the girl child. 3. To reckon and appreciate the context of this book, foliate7 charters to be read first as this page is the essence of this effort. 4. History of evolution of this book, page 8 5. imperishable Inspiration, page 9 6. A Citizens effort page 10 7. Aim of this book, page 10 The above pages 7, 8, 9 and 10 be proposeed reading earlier you apprehend into the main discussion sections of the book raimentual www. wakeupc that. org 1Contents Contents Foreword Sustaining scotchal Growth History of evolution of this book Immortal Inspiration A Citizens effort & Aim of this book What tush we do for you? i play along revolve astir(predicate)(predicate) areas Citizens response to i Watch about(pr edicate) i Watch Principles, Mission, Goals 2 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 18 function 1 Governance The INDIA you whitethorn not recognise Agenda for Transforming India scotch & subscriber line reforms Governance & judiciary Country of INDIA unassailable governing body coffin nail transform India into a superpower unplayful arrangement + Effective Administration = Zero Corruption serviceman strain requires knotty exit How to master domain of a function class efficiency? iii Questions for the piece Leaders 19 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 31 33 sectionalization 2 direction & gentleman pick shooting Tale of collar countries after 1947 The grandeur of direction memorize to read and indite any Indian language in 40 60 hours Vocational rearing & readiness, old hand the superior first step Skills Development, ESD & Vocational commandment, veteran soldier reproduction Matrix of INDIA coif India an trans groundal hub for high & technical study devising INDIA a k nowledge thrift The population bomb that mustiness(prenominal) be diff wontd Paradox INDIA Three Proposals for Empowering the jejuneness Youth Counseling Who am I? www. wakeupc whole. org 34 35 36 37 39 41 43 44 47 49 51 52 state-supported Section 3 economy & Enterprise Difference in the midst of Poor & Rich The palpable & practical(prenominal) India exiguity Line & related entropy How to plan for mankind Markets? A checklist MSMEs Backb unriv exclusivelyed of any economy India must be descend an international Hub for business gross domestic product analysis of the Economy Importance of SMEs mainland chinaware India comparison chart.. Catch me if you can? creative activity, regular army, BRIC, Selected Countries 56 57 58 59 61 63 65 66 67 Section 4 role coevals 68 69 70 72 73 75 76 79 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 90Importance of Education & Skills HRD Employment & Un habit Employment Matrix of India Employment contemporaries Thru SMEs Categories of MSMEs, US-SBA clas sification Employment propagation Thru veterinary Classification of Vocational Education & Training, veteran grades carrying into action of veterinarian for Employment Generation Definitions employ in the area of Education & ex-serviceman Vocational Training, VET & Economy in china Vocational Training, VET & Economy in Ger legion(predicate) (EU) Vocational Training, VET & Economy in regular army Vocational Training, VET & Economy in India Indias labour productiveness relevant Education and Training agriculture Advantage India ordinary widely distributed cognition References i Watch in national committees Abbreviations commitd in this book i Watch proceedss unattached in 13 languages Action design for gross domestic product formulateth rate of 10% to 15% per family i Watch Projects envisionned for 2012 2013 Sponsors About the Author General 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 snow Wake up inflict for INDIA 3 Foreword This presentation has been integrated for the win of th e citizens of India, eg. , politicians, farmers, officials, professionals, teachers, students, scholars, doctors, businessmen, housewives, gear up ups, lawyers, consultants, NRIs, PIOs and the spring chicken of India.This is a book and not a magazine It has the easy and friendly style for comfort reading. Most of the articles are in whiz or dickens pages. Very few articles are in three pages. Wherever required the text is supplemented with simple graphics in order to cut aim as far as mathematical unneccessary text, unless it is absolutely essential. The material within this book is divided into four sections. The bottom of each page classifies each type of article. The interconnection of these themes is highlighted whenever relevant.Section Section Section Section 1 2 3 4 covers covers covers covers articles articles articles articles on governance. on reading and gay preference ripening. in the selected areas of economy & opening. in the domain of fight coevals. Th is book is meant for anyone who may induct studied upto class 8th and beyond. As hardly 7% of all Indians in reality render English, this book is also available in all major Indian languages such as Marathi, Gujarati, Urdu, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Bengali, Assamese and Punjabi.The matter furnished herein has been updated to watch into account circulating(prenominal) available data, wherever possible. The reader is requested to ad prefer the contents of these pages in the spirit in which they squander been written, to mobilize pattern and proceeding for the tidy sum of India. it is not a sermon, rather a affirmation of facts, to facilitate further awareness and sue within the earth, with the sole suggest to value the People of India. Each note is a stand solely. Any one of them can be read, at any time.If you anticipate me a pointed question about the five nearly most-valuable areas where we affect to c at at oncentrate for bringing the ma ximum benefit to the people of India, I would speculate preparation, fosterage, education, governance and primary healthcare. The first education stands for funtional literacy and pre-primary, primary, secondary education. The Right to Education Bill was introduced in fantan solitary(prenominal) in 2005 and passed in 2009. give thanks God that after 63 old age of Independance we realize the need for education The second education stands for vocational education and study (VET) and skills building.The greatness of VET has finally been recognized at the level of the Prime Minister who had enjoin a T pick up Force in November 2006 to draw out milestones for pick up our young Indians into productive function by empowernment and cooking. 4 www. wakeupcall. org General In the 11th plan period the internal Skills Council and the National Skills Devlopment Corporation clear been setup in 2009. The organization of India has planned additional 1 vitamin D ITIs/ITCs and 50,000 s kill centers in the 11th plan. The build on modernizing the existing 5,500 ITIs is also in just swing.The third education stands for complete decontrol and de regulation of all forms of medical, higher and technical education. This alone can generate innovation, excellence and affect us cosmos Class. We maintain had reservations in steel, cement, cars, scooters, etc. unaccompanied increased depicted object and free markets apply solved the issues of price, feel and availability. Licence Raj in all forms of education especially in higher, medical and technical education must go Education as an try is nearly five times liberalger than I. T. and software. It is therefore a much large employment rootage than software and I.T. The reader allowing pose to look elsewhere for data and solutions in the area of primary healthcare. replete(p) Governance has been highlighted by heavy(p) a number of examples of bad governance and the negative effects therefrom. It is awkward i n a democracy to digest cracking governance untill the electorate has been appoint with relevant education. Hence the strain on relevant education. It has taken our body politic 59 historic period after independance and a solidifying of discussion and statement to recognize the true potential of micro and olive-sizingd medium enterprises (MSMEs). The measuring stick on MSMEs was passed unless in 2006.Probably 80% of our gross domestic product is here 99. 7% of organizations in this realness, including India, are MSMEs. This is the true dynamo and heartbeat of any nation. Out of a work crowd of 490 million people, however 6% is the organized celestial sphere and the relief 460 million or 94% is the unorganized vault of heaven. It is estimated that the total number of MSMEs are 100 million. 80% in agriculture and plantations and the match 20% in service and manufacturing empyreans. The splendor of Vocational education & readiness or VET and MSMEs for employment c ontemporaries has been highlighted and explained.As per the latest CII BCG Prof. C. K. Prahlad Project emailprotected, the Nation requires 500 million land class skilled people and 200 million world class graduate by 2022. The history of evolution of this book has been dramatic, please see page number 8 for details. The only unending has been change. It is for you the reader to make up wether it was for better or for worse Krishan Khanna Mumbai, India August 2012 disavowal The information mentioned in this book has been collected from miscellaneous sources in India and outside, during the snuff it 20 old age. Watch does not take any legal right for the accuracy of the data provided. We do not recommend that investment and business decisions be taken, based on the data provided in this book. Most of the sources of information as well as references are exposit on page 92. For the latest data and information the reader is advised to see the current websites and handbooks as m entioned on page 92. General Wake up guess for INDIA 5 Dear Reader, Welcome to i Watch. Based on the feedback from readers, we suggest that the pursuit pages may be read first 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7, 8. 9.varlet 12 Focus of this book rogue 14 Citizens response to i Watch summon 21 Agenda for Transforming INDIA Page 34 Tale of 3 countries Page 47 The Population Bomb Page 56 Difference in the midst of Poor & Rich Page 59 How to plan for World Markets? Page 61 MSMEs Backbone of any economy Page 66 China India comparison 10. Page 75 Employment generation by dint of VET 11. Page 87 Indias Labour Productivity 12. Page 90 Agriculture Advantage INDIA 13. Page 93 i Watch in National Committees 6 www. wakeupcall. org General Sustaining Economic Growth Through applicable Education & Vocational Training The above theme needs to be continue forever, as far as India is concerned.The following two example testament strengthen the importance of homo resource development, releva nt education and skills acquired by dint of vocational training for sustainable development of the economy. I was invited in October 2007 by the Ministry of Education, S. Korea, to chair a session on Vocational Education & Training (VET) for Developing Countries. This was part of the spherical HR Forum which was attend by nearly 1,200 educational experts from 50 countries. The only some otherwise Indian attending this forum was Prof. Ananth, director of IIT-Madras. The deputy roseola minister of South Korea was inaugurating the Global Forum.About 50 course of studys ago the people of S. Korea were as shortsighted as Indians. South Korea Looked at Japan and Germany who had very undersize mineral riches such as ores, coal or energy in the form of gas, oil other hydro-carbons, just like S. Korea (but unlike India) but were evolution very fast, in spite of the complete destruction in the second world war South Korea realized that the main reason was relevant education and s kills building make vocational training. South Korea created a part of a deputy prime minister, whose main responsibility, I deliberate, is humanity resource development, education and skills building.General Wake up treat for INDIA 7 Today, after 50 years, an reasonable South Korean has an income of nearly US$ 23,823 per year compared to US$ 1,530 for an middling Indian. Is there a message in this for us in India? Let us Look at the 2nd example which is current. Where should we as a Nation be by 2022? Or in the year of our 7fifth independence or emailprotected? The Confederation of India Industry or Cll on with the world ren proclaimed focussing guru, late Prof. C. K. Prahlad had planned for emailprotected Out of the 74 national committees of the CII, the ones on Education, Skills & HR and the Youth are primarily working on this initiative.Prof. Prahlad was very take that only by empowerment of the people especially the youth of India, through education and skills build ing and vocational training lead ensure us as a Nation to reach our major our coatings by the year 2022. The plan is to bedevil 500 one million million skilled people in different skills and 200 million world class graduates from different fields by 2022. More information about education, economy, governance and employment generation in India available at www. wakeupcall. org or in our book titled Transforming INDIA by empowerment of the people of India through relevent education & vocational training.History of evolution of this book In 1993 we started with a 4 page booklet. In 1997 it grew to 8 pages, which were also translated into 10 Indian languages. In 1999 the book had produce to 16 pages, in 2001 to 24 pages, in 2002 to 28 pages, in 2004 to 32 pages, in 2005 to 36 pages, in 2006 to 48 pages and in January 2007 to 56 pages. In July 2008 the book was further expanded to 88 pages and in January 2009 was further expanded to 92 pages and in October 2009 to 96 pages. In Feb ruary 2011 it was expanded to 100 pages. The current August 2012 edition is finally expanded to 104 pages.This book Trannsforming INDIA is available in English and 12 Indian language, viz. , Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. The condense has always been in the same four areas Governance . India initiative Education and Human Resource Development . Education 1st Economy and Enterprise . Economy 1st Employment Generation ..Employment 1st Economy 1st and Employment 1st, as mentioned 1 2 3 4 i Watch has four di pots, namely India 1st, Education 1st, total of fourty seven notes and observations. above. The first three subjects have ten, twelve and nine articles each epoch the 4th has sixteen, a To assist the reader, the bottem of each page mentions the classification of the text, in one of the above four categories. Where it does not fit any of the four above, we have classified the same under General category. 8 www. wakeupcall. org General Immortal Inspiration Nobel Laureate Rabindranath TagoreINDIA can become a Nation, which is best exposit in the words of Rabindranath Tagore Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high Where fellowship is free Where the world has not been broken up into fragments by take domestic walls Where words come out from the depth of truth Where indefatigable striving stretches its arms towards perfection Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit Where the mind is led by thee into ever widening cerebration and action Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake.Gitanjali, verse XXXV. General Wake up Call for INDIA 9 A Citizens effort A citizen, an IIT engineers effort at starting and giving momentum for Transforming INDIA through relavant education, vocational training and human empowernment. All of us have a duty, many realize and many dont. What is important is a clear takei ng of what we need to focus on. The rest follows..A non-political, non-religious, non-sectoral effort where the only kick is to bring about awakening of the people and then alone can they decide and understand the latent potential of the People of India what we missed out on and the importance of this work. There is much much to India than we typically may think. This work is only a seed the growth go out come through many hands, of which yours is also one. Aim of this bookThe biggest challange is to impart relevant education in the form of 100% functional literacy, vocational education and training and to expand multifold, the existing infrastructure of all forms of pre-primary, primary, secondary, higher, medical and technical education and make India an international hub for education, like it used to be. India needs to empower its youth with relevant education and training as soon as possible. The just age of an Indian is 26 years anteriority number one is the education and empowerment of the girl child and women. 10 www. wakeupcall. org GeneralWhat can we do for you? 1. Publications Dear Reader we can assist and help oneself you in the following areas- Starting with this book. Please see details of other list of publications as precise out on page 95. We request you to look at the inside cover page to note that this book of 104 pages is also available in 12 Indian languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Assamese, Bengali, Oriya, Gujarati, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayalam. English is only understood by 7% of the Indian population. 2. Interactive Workshops We conduct synergetic workshops in the following filchics as detail on page 91. Relevant Manufacturing Policy for India, Relevant Educational Policy for India, Globalization and how India can grow at +10% per year, Good Governance and how it benefits the citizen, Employment Generation for 10 million people per year, How to make Money after leaving College, Transforming India through E ducation. 3. Mind-Set-Change of teachers, Parents & the Youth Kindly see the projects I and 2 as detailed on page 97 not only are the Projects described but the plus impact of these Projects are also explained in detail. 4.Providing Relevant Data Kindly refer to our website at www. wakeupcall. org, all our publications as mentioned under item I, list of references as detailed out on page 92 and you will see that we have extracted a lot of relevant data for you the reader and formatted the same for easy reading and understanding. All our data is updated, as far as possible, once a year. 5. Setting up Vocational Education & Training Centres We work with a few large organizations within India who collectively train large number of people per year. We are their knowledge partners.By use of technology, by use of actual training centres, by use of integrating such training centres with business and industry in each local area, by providing ingenious Trainers & Mentors for actual trainin g, by conducting assessments, exams and certification of trained somebodys, by providing counseling before training and placements after training, we add a lot of value for the youth in any geography or district of India. Currently we are concentrating on VET courses in the areas of Healthcare, Hospitality, Tourism, Education and setting up centres in all parts of India. Details on request.General Wake up Call for INDIA 11 i Watch Focus areas Education We work on this issue because 1. Drop-out rate between KG to Class 10+2 is 87% to 93%, includes those who have never attended school. 2. License Raj and regulation in Higher, Medical and Technical education, restricting growth, R&D, quality and capacity. 3. silver out-flow of about Rs. 50,000 crores or US$10 to $12 gazillion per year for Indian students leaving India for international Universities, because of lack of seats and quality education within India. These funds enough to build 50 IIMs & 30 IITs per yearIt is estimated that about 153,000 students leave every year for foreign studies. 50% opt for a two year Masters course and the balance 50% for a four-year Undergraduate course. 4. Functional literacy expected to be about 33% against Governments figure of about 67%, but China close to 93%. 5. Inadequate skills development. Hardly 0. 5% of the work force are organism trained at any given, in the organized sector, versus the required 7% to 10%, as in China and other actual countries 6. India has 27,000 foreign students while Australia has 400,000 foreign students 7.India has 1. 7 million schools vs 2. 5 million in China 8. India has 563 Universities vs 1100 in China 9. Pre- primal not given impoftance. 90% of the human brain developed between the age of 1 to 6. 2. Why is FDI stock into India hardly US$ 121 one thousand thousand vs US$ 1920 billion for China + Hong Kong? 3. Tourist traffic into India is only 6 million per year vs 80 million per year into China? 4. World trade is about 2. 2% against 8. 0 % for China. 5. Agriculture productivity in India is 40% as compared to that of China. 6. Life expectancy is 67 years vs 74 years in China. 7.Electrical loss ascribable to transmission and other losings from electricity boards vary from 25% to 50% in India vs 6% to 8% in China. 8. Foreign exchange reserves about US $ 295 billion for India vs US$ 2199 billion in China. 9. HIV/AIDS affect about 5 million people in India vs 0. 85 million in China. 10. 40% of all fruits and vegetables are damaged or destroyed out-of-pocket to poor farm management. 11. India receives a lot of rain but because of poor water management we get floods or drought. Economy We work on this issue because 1. Labour Laws do not allow level contend field for Indian organizations within present Global Economy. . Employment generation suffers because we look at Capital intense businesses rather than Labor Intensive ones. 3. India has only 2. 6% of world gross domestic product. Buying power is low, but invite is high due to high population of 17%. Exports is the answer. Enough wildness not given so far in 66 years. SEZs need to grow faster. 4. Infrastructure is very inadequate for 1,210 million people. mountain of talk but very little implementation. Governance We work on this issue because 1. Rs. 3,600 crores or US$ 0. 72 billion dog-tired customary by the 35 states and UTs of India to run the country.Are the citizens happy? 1 million = 10 lacs 12 www. wakeupcall. org General 5. India needs to cash in the advantage of purchasing power parity, (PPP) for its World Trade. 6. I. T. and software is only 5% of the Indian economy and 3% of world economy. India must look at the balance 97% of the world economy and make it World Class. 7. Advantage of SMEs not fully understood. Present rendering not as per Global Standards as in EU, USA, Japan, China, etc. This is a big disadvantage to Indian business as 99. 7% of all organizations in the world are MSMEs.SSIs are only 5% of Indias gross domes tic product while MSMEs would be close to 70% to 80%. Ministry of Industry focus should change from Industry to Economy. 4. Vocational education is outright connected with employment and wealth generation, unlike normal education and knowledge improvement. The benefits of VET for the common man, benefits to organizations who use skilled and trained manpower and benefits to the nation to make it globally competitive will only come about when nearly 80% of the youth, after the age of 15 years opt for VET and not for the normal college education which is B. A, B. Sc or B. Com 5.The demographic dividend of supplying young skilled manpower to the world markets must be seized by early Indians by using VET. 6. The present work force of 490 million can be divided into 30 million in the organized sector and 460 million in the unorganized sector. The biggest challange facing us is to provide world class VET for the 460 million in the unorganized sector 7. Most of the SMEs are in the unorgan ized sector. SMEs are the real Dynamo of the economy. Dovetailing SMEs with Vocational Education & Training will create one of the biggest pool of young, talented and trained manpower in the worldThis will propel India forward as an economic power. 8. In contries like Switzerland & Austria there are 5000 VET centers each only for a polulation of 8 million each These contries are land locked and have no mineral wealth or energyi but because of high quality human resorseas have GDP nearly 33% and 23% of respectively of India 9. The present Apprentice Act is not in line with the countrys present needs. It requires to be completely overhauled so that nearly 10% of the workforce could be apprentices being trained and working at the same time. Employment Generation We work on this issue because . India has 43 million registered unemployed and likely other 260 million who are underemployed or unemployed in the age gathering of 18 to 50 years but not registered. 2. The average age of an Indian is 26 years, compared to a Chinese who is 34 years and a European, American or Japanese who may be 40 to 45 years in age. India is a very young country. We need to skill our people so that we can take advantage of so many Young Indians 3. bandage China spends nearly 2. 5% of GDP on Vocational Education & Training (VET) in 500,000 VET centres regarding nearly 3000 vocations. India ardly spends 0. 1% of its GDP in VET in 8500 centres binding about 400 vocations. The actual expenses in VET are much but data is not available 1 million = 10 lacs General Wake up Call for INDIA 13 Citizens respond to i Watch Feedback and Response received from Indian organizations and individuals, during the last ten years has been documented, based on letters and communications received. A selection of near of these communications has been compiled into a dossier and available for inspection at our office in Mumbai. Some of the feedback is mentioned in the pages below.In short, we are quite happy about the wit change and action plans initiated in different parts of India, based on the above strategy adopted by i Watch, action plans, assisting and networking with various stakeholders in the actual implementations of plans towards Educational Reforms and Transforming India. Sushma Berlia, President, Education Promotion Society for India They have set out to create a framework for achieving high and sustainable growth for India. For this they are working to build consensus and figure out policy changes.This is thusly a very unique strategy designed to have a far-reaching impact. Rajiv Kumar, Chief Economist, CII I hope to use some of the wisdom gleaned from your virginspaper in the formulation of my policies of corporate governance. N. R. Narayana Murthy, professorship & Chief Mentor, Infosys i Watch is doing a wonderful job in making the people understand and specify relevant policy changes required and the importance and need of Good Governance to benefit the p eople of India. Dr. B. P. Dhaka, secretaire General, PHDCC The Chamber appreciates the good work i Watch has been doing for the benefit of the citizens.P. N. Mogre, Secretary General, Indian Merchants Chamber The mission of i Watch has been the Mission of Krishan Khanna to innovate and transform where ever he was involved in work or life. Dr. P. S. Rana, Chairman & Managing Director, HUDCO As an educationalist and HRD consultant I strongly believe that the plan of i Watch for training 95% of the youth in 3000 areas of Vocational education is most innovative. If implemented, it would prove to be a major solution for the unemployment problem in India Prof. Rooshikumar Pandya, International Management Guru We interact with more than 500 NGOs and we must say that we have found i Watch a unique and innovative NGO. Vinay Somani, Managing Trustee, Karmayog. com I have read with interest your book titled, Transforming India, and would like to convey my compliments to you for the very useful studies and suggestions contained in this. I have no doubt that the issues raised and the recommendations made are of coarse value. B. N. Yugandhar, Member Planning agency We believe in the ideas and suggestions of i Watch to bring the policies to optimum benefit for the people of India.Anupam Mittal, President & CEO, People group I have not heard of any NGO like i Watch which has such a holistic plan for Transforming India. Maj. Gen. D. N. Khurana, Director General, All India Management Association. Regarding Good Governance, I look forward to having detailed discussions with you to follow-up on some of the suggestions contained in your book, Transforming India. M. Damodaran, Chairman & Managing Director, IDBI I really appreciate i Watchs endeavor in creating awareness, suggesting solutions and 14 www. wakeupcall. org I am aware of the good work being done by i Watch.I have noted your views regarding good governance, training and employment. M. Venkaiah Naidu, Preside nt, BJP General Please keep up the good work. Dr. Natarajan Chairman, All India Council for Technical Education well as focusing on the areas where we need to give great attention. M. V. Rajasekharan, Minister of State for Planning, Planning Commission I was very impress with your whole program and your efforts to elevate India. Babu Khalfan, NRI based in USA The vision with which i Watch has been set up is indeed a very timely effort for better governance.We would be fleur-de-lis to be associated with your foundation. Deepankar Sanwalke, Executive Director, KPMG We would deeply appreciate it if you could kindly spare the time to embark in the Conference on NRICivil Society Partnership and shoot its deliberations. Dr. Abid Hussain, Chairman, Group for Economic & Social Studies At the outset, let me congratulate you on all your presentations and I feel happy and honoured that you have shown interest in our working together on vocational education and training. I can see th e potential. Prof. Rupa Shah, Vice Chancellor, S. N. D. T. Womens University I would like to thank you for your support. It has helped us grow into a strong and vibrant organization. Padmini Somani, Director, Salaam Bombay Foundation Your publication makes an interesting reading. I very much appreciate the simplicity and practicality of your rise. K. L. Chugh, Chairman Emeritus ITC Ltd. We welcome you as a founder member of the IC Centre for Governance. The executive committee members of the Centre are impressed by the choice of your core issues and the action plans outlined. Prabhat Kumar, Former Cabinet Secretary & President, IC Centre for Governance Watch is doing a wonderful job and the look for work you are doing shall give us a lot of inputs for the bringment. Sudesh K. Aggarwal, Secretary General, All Indians Foundation Reference your discussions with our Chief Secretary, we will be glad if you hold interactive sessions on Good Governance & Effective Administration for all senior and middle level officers, numbering about 450 of the disposal of NCT, at the Delhi Secretariat. Prakash Kumar, AR & IT Secretary, Govt. of NCT I must admit that this is really a very pains fetching job and you have amassed a lot of precious statistics and data.I assure you that with my limited capability I shall try to project your data to all possible forums. P. N. Roy, Chairman, Indo-Asahi Glass Ltd. i Watch is invited as a part of the expert panel to comment and suggest on the India and the World 2025 scenarios at the interactive workshop organized by the World Economic Forum and CII. Confederation of India Industry Your effort to shortlist the maladies looming ominously on our socio-cultural-economic spectrums deserve mention. R. S. Agarwal, Joint Chairman, Enami Group of Campanies Please accept my congratulations for the good work which you have done.I would like to take this opportunity to wish you all the best in your work and I am sure your publications w ill bring about awareness and as well play a very educative role in highlighting the issues and as General I critically studied your Governance & Administration of India paper and came out very deeply impressed and also agitated. It is powerful enough to make everybody sit up and think. It hits the right cord. You have precisely pointed out what ails India. Prakash Almeida, Director, ground for Study of Economic Issues Wake up Call for INDIA 15 About i WatchI am sure this book will set all those who receive it thinking and from thinking at least some will go on to take some action to realize the vision you have sketched. N. Vittal, Central Vigilance Commission, CVC What is i Watch ? i Watch, is a citizens movement for Transforming INDIA. i means India, Indians, you and me. Watch, means that we are watching what is happening in the country and reporting to the citizens in order to create awareness for the saki of improvement. The i is small since our gurus have always taught us t hat only with lowliness can we perceive the truth.We focus on Human resource development, governance, economy, enterprise and employment generation and the relevance of their interconnection. i Watch is a registered good-will with the head office located in Mumbai, India. Donations to i Watch, qualify for 80G income evaluate benefits for indian organizations and citizens. The FCRA approval for foreign donations has been received in January 2009. Your perception is superb, ideas are original and some of the statistics are mind boggling. I wish your ideas get a much wider coverage through the all-India media. H. N. Dastur, Executive Director, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan When awareness is there, the action will also take place and in this crusade I and many Indians are with you. Keep it up. Sushil Gupta, Past territory Governor, Rotary District 3010 I assure you that I will continue to do whatsoever is within my power to pursue the one point agenda as in your letter. George Fernandes, Defense Minister, Government of India We feel privileged on account of your having favoured us with your valuable experience. Air Commodore Amrit Lal, Executive Director, Indian Society for Training & Development How do we plan to transform INDIA? i Watch, functions in three stages. . Create awareness Publications such as Making INDIA a Knowledge Economy, The INDIA you may not Know and Action Plan for INDIA are used for the purpose of creating awareness. 2. Solutions and Action Plans This is achieved by our website, interactive workshops and our 104 page book, Transforming INDIA. 3. Actual Implementation For this purpose, we assist and network with government, public, common soldier organizations and NGOs. I appreciate your viewpoints convey in the note and would invite more ideas and pragmatic exercises which can help to develop society in the right direction.Suresh Prabhu, Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha 16 www. wakeupcall. org General What has i Watch achieved ? In 1992, whe n we started on the journey of Transforming INDIA, we had no mite as to the focus we should take. It took us nearly 4 years of look and travel to come to some basic conclusions as to the areas of focus for transforming India. This we achieved by 1996. Real work started in 1997. The focus finally watered down to the following four key areas1. HRD, Vocational education & Employment Generation 2. Governance & presidency of India 3.Policy changes regarding, SSI, MSME and relevant labour laws 4. Economy, Enterprise, eg. emphasis on exportations and other sectors of the economy such as retail, wholesale, manufacturing, travel and tourism, healthcare, infrastructure and agriculture. i Watch has had some success in all four areas as we have been able to change the mindset of a large cross section of the decision making population by the use of1. Interactive workshops, seminars & articles 2. Publications, Making INDIA a Knowledge Economy, The INDIA you may not know and Action Plan for IND IA 3. 02 page book, Transforming INDIA 4. Website at www. wakeupcall. org 5. Participation in the National Committees of the MHRD, Planning Commission, domiciliate of Commerce, CII, FICCI, Ministry of IT, etc. As members of CII, FICCI, ASSOCHAM, PHDCC&I, IMC, MEDC, BCC&I and discussions with IBA, RBI, and MOF we were able to influence the meaning of SMEs and understanding the limited relevance of SSIs. The only eternal in life is change Recognized by the Europen wedding, EU, for a spliff project on employment generaction and vocational education and training in ten states of India.In the area of Governance we have been consulted by state governments such as the Delhi NCT to suggest and advice on Governance and Administration. In Educational Reforms, our thought process regarding vocational education and training, have been considered by the Ministry of HRD, Planning Commission & IGNOU. Thrust on Deregulation of Higher and Technical Education is gaining credenza through initiat ives with the CII, FICCI, ASSOCHAM, EPSI, PHDCC&I and others. In the areas of Economy & Enterprise, we are called for our feedback and inputs by think tanks such as the World Economic Forum, WEF.In the last 20 years we have distributed more than 600,000 copies of our book, Transforming INDIA, conducted a large number of interactive seminars and hosted all our ideas and thoughts on our website. Our publications are available in 13 languages, in English, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Bengali, Assamese, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Punjabi, Urdu and Malayalam. Only 7% of Indians understand English. General Wake up Call for INDIA 17 i Watch principles, mission, goals Guiding Principles 1. Positive attitude Believe that real change is possible. 2. Research Dont hit the road without detailed home work. 3.Effective communication Use communication tools to reach out to all. 4. look in the power of the community Recognize that the fundamental means of all actions is a collective assertion. F rom an inclusive community comes a collective strength. 5. constructive engagement Engage in the spirit of partnership. Build alternative modules or change the rules. 6. Non partisan culture No political affiliation 7. Pro-political approach Politicians are victims of the vicious cycle, not villains 8. Respect for political process deferred payment that the politics is the central to democrac and the true politics is a noble endeavour 9.Political alternatives There is no alternative to democracythe alternative to democracy is a better democracy 10. Professionalism Deliver on individual roles and responsibilities at the highest spirit level of commitment and capability at all times. namely good governance & trenchant administration, how it influences the economy and how to achieve it? The importance of relevant Human Resource Development. Removing the present Licence Raj in education The need for policy changes such as scrapping the existing limited definition of small scurf indu stry, SSIs, and expanding it into micro, small and medium enterprises or SMEs.The crying need of relevant labour and administrative reforms to bring India at par with other Asian Tigers and to provide a level playing field to our business leaders and managers. Why exports and tourism must be expanded by 1000% of the present levels In a democracy people have to get involved. Change is possible and more creditable if communication is bottom up rather than top down. Our presentation is therefore designed for the common man or the citizen of India. Goal To make India, a land, which is truly world class. With 1210 million people, India has a very large demand, but where is the acquireing power?We must export more to build up buying power Indias future lies in becoming a resource base for the world, in manufacturing, duty and services, since 97. 4% of world trade and 97. 8% of world buying power is NOT within India. A birds eye view shows India needs to emulate the successful examples o f information technology, software and diamond exports, for all other sectors of the economy. With a high purchasing power parity (PPP of Rs. 16 = US$1), India has immense scope to export goods and services. Good governance and effective administration are necessary to achieve these goals for India Politicians and officials in China sing Economics & Walk the Talk, that is why non-resident Chinese and foreign investors have confidence in China Fortunately, the preception about India is now in positive territory General Historical Background The focus was always constant quantity in the areas of Human resource development, governance and the economy. The importance of the interdependance of HRD-Governance-Leadership-Economy & Enterprise-Infrastructure on each other needs to be understood. Each depends upon the other in many ways.It is not possible to look at them seperately without causing harm and backbreaking the efficiency of the country. Mission To create awareness for the citi zens of India in areas which are merry for the future of the nation, 18 www. wakeupcall. org The INDIA you may not know of 50,000 or more private I. T. training centers spread across the country. 9. I. T. & parcel are only 2. 0% to 2. 5% of the worlds GDP. Indias present role is about 5% of GDP. For rapid economic growth and employment generation we need to concentrate on the balance 95% of the economy and enterprise and make it world class 10. 00 million unemployed of employable age* and only 44 million have actually registered with employment offices with little or no hope of getting employment (our estimates)*. 11. Of all new employment generated, 1% are government jobs, 2% are in the organized sector and the balance 97% in the unorganized sector. 12. Out of our 490 million workforce, 94 % work in the unorganized sector and about 6% in the organized sector. Nearly 55% to 60% are self employed. 13. 2. 5% of the entire population, viz. 19 million people work for the central and state government other 11 million work in the private organized sector.A small part of the population work in the organized sector. 14. All Labour Laws are made to protect, at any cost, the above 2. 5% of the Indian population. Article 311 of the Indian constitution needs relevant rescript since it over protects employees of the Government even at a cost to the nation. 15. While MPs, MLAs and Municipal Councilors and the village panchayats, can only be elected for a maximum of 5 years, the officials, babus, and government employees do it life long benefits of employment, in spite of their performance. 16.We have 600 million illiterate people based on the international definition of the 3Rs (reading, writing and arithmetic or education at least up to primary level of class 5) 17. The Indian definition of literacy is based on a mass of people If you can write your name, you are literate nobody has badly ever challenged this definition 18. 290 million live below the Government of Indias definition of the poverty line of Wake up Call for INDIA 19 1. 71% or 840 million people are below 35 years of age. Indians are young. 2. 28 million people are natural every year, 10 million die per year, population increase 1. % per year 3. 88% to 92% driblet out rate of children between kindergarten and 10+2. This includes those who have never been to school. 4. 10% are the ones that cross the 10+2 stage, Educational Line of Control, which is our so called educated youth, go in for a regular college degree which may not be very relevant in todays context for the sake of employment generation and national GDP enhancement. 5. 62% of all graduates from the 37,000 colleges are arts graduates. Balance 38% in science, commerce, medical, engineering, I. T. , law, management and special subjects. 6.While 80% of the world youth between 15 to 35 years of age envision a vocation, a skill or a trade, with a choice of 3000 vocational education and training (VET) programs, in 15,000 modules, we in India have only identified about 400 courses after 66 years of Independence and hardly 2% to 2. 5% of the population goes for formal VET training 7. We can get engineers and MBAs in India but no carpenters, plumbers, drivers, repairmen and other skilled personnel as per international standards in the other 2,500 vocational trades. 8. Information Technology, software or I. T. are the only exceptions.Perhaps because India 1st Rs. 26 (rural India) to Rs 32 (urban India) per day this is based on being able to buy enough rice and wheat from the Public Distribution System, PDS system and ration shops, which has food value of 2200 kilo calories per day. 19. Nobody has ever challenged this definition of Poverty Line. How can one expect people to live with a few kilos of raw uncooked wheat or rice? As human beings, dont we need more? How about one set of clothes to cover our bodies, a set of chappals for our feet, some vegetables, milk and fruit, in our diet? How will we cook without any energy and furnish? 0. 450 million* live below the poverty line definition of the World Banks old definition of US$1 (Rs. 50) per day per person, or US$ 365 per year. 800 million* people live below the poverty line definition of the World Banks new definition of US$ 2 (Rs. 100) per day per person, or US$730 per year. (our estimates)* 21. second-rate Per Capita of an Indian is about US$ 1530 per year per person (1. 21 billion people and a GDP of US$ 1853 billion). Average earning of an Indian is US$ 4. 10 per day. 22. India has only 2. 6% of the World GDP and has 17% of the world population.Demands are high but buying power is low. Hence we will need to increase our export related activities by 10 times, as the foreign markets are 60 times bigger than the Indian market. Our share of world markets or foreign trade is 2. 2%, down from 33% 1000 years ago, down from 27% when the British landed in India and down from 3% in 1947. 23. Only 7% of all Indians understand Engli sh, yet most of the websites of the government of India, state governments and public institutions are in the English language 24. While English is a language used in countries which account for about 38% of the world GDP, viz. USA + UK + old British colonies, yet in India, while we talk of globalization, we are not serious about learning the other languages of the world, eg. , Japanese, German, Spanish etc, unlike the Chinese youth who are doing so otherwise. 25. India is probably at the bottom of the heap, as far as the human development index is concerned such as infant mortality, child care, malnutrition, womens health, sicknesses, disease, health, clean drinking water, etc. 26. Democracy is to the people, for the people, by the people. If we have to succeed, the citizen has to get involved and participate in governance. 7. Unlike other countries, we have 22 official languages, 2,600 dialects, all religions of the world, and due to low human and economic development, emphasis on SC, ST, dalits, caste, religion, sects, minorities, regions, ethnic groups, etc. 28. Employment generation is restricted due to existing policies which do not encourage Labour Intensive enterprises. Relevant labour reforms in line with prevailing practices in other countries of Asia are required for a level playing field for Indian organizations. 29. The size of Enterprises cannot be immovable by officials in the central government.They are decided by technology, process, international market forces and competitive pressures. backlog for small scale industry, SSI, needs to be scrapped and SMEs should be encouraged. SSIs are 5% of the Indian GDP. 99. 7% of all organizations in the world are SMEs. 70% to 80% of the Indian GDP are SMEs. We need to understand the meaning of E in MSME (small and medium enterprises). 30. As per www. loksatta. org, about Rs. 3,200 crores are spent every day, to govern India at the centre and state levels, both on revenue as well as on groovy account. I s this truthful? Is the money well spent?Citizens need to use The Right to Information, RTI bill, and also take part in the governance of India, through citizen groups. 31. About 800 members of parliament in the lok sabha and rajya sabha and 4,210 members of the state legislature assemblies control this disbursement of Rs. 3,200 crore per day. You may download a sample of the contents of this book, Transforming India, from our website in English, Marathi, Gujarati, Urdu, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Bengali, Assamese and Punjabi. 1 million = 10 lacs 20 www. wakeupcall. org India 1st Agenda of Transforming INDIA nto an Economic Power & certain Nation Priority 1 Relevant HRD, deregulate H&T education & Vocational training 1. 100% Primary Functional Literacy Learn to read and write any Indian language in 40 to 60 hours 1 hour per day for 5 days a week. Nearly 500 million people need to learn the 3 Rs which are reading, writing and arithmetic. As per the governm ent of India, the average literacy rate is 64%, based on the indian definition, if you can write your name. If one uses the international definition, like minimum primary education as the criteria, the actual literacy rate would come down to 40%We need to achieve 100% functional literacy in the next 10 years 2. Primary & secondary education The dropout rate of 90% in schools, from kindergarten to class 12th, must be reduced to less than 10%. This includes children who have never attended school. 3. Enterprise Skills Development or ESD. We suggest that this should be started from class 5th right upto class 12th. ESD is about enterprises and how the real world works. Helps decide future choice of profession for the youth. Builds confidence in ourself. Only two hours per week are required. 4. Vocational Education & Training or VET.VET teaches the youth a skill or a competence or a trade. One learns to do some skilled job In developed countries, 80% of the youth from age of 14 to 35 sho uld go in for VET. This would mean about 50 million people per year. 5. Except for I. T. , which is 2. 5% of worlds GDP, where there may be 50,000 private training centres operating in India where are the training centres to run the balance 97% of the skills, trades, competances required to run the nation? India 1st 6. Liberalize Education liberalise and privatize all forms of education like business was in 1991Make India an International Hub for Education 7. The I. T. business, ever since inception, has been outside the control and regulation of the central and state governments. Market forces, fierce competition, and constant innovation has allowed Indian I. T. education to be world class. 8. Private and NRI participation in education Government should concentrate up to high school only, from class 1 to 10 only. The rest they should leave to the private sector 9. Entrepreneurship Institutes in each englut Entrepreneur promotional institutes, in all the blocks of the states. 7% o f new employment is in the unorganized sector and SMEs. We need skill sets for the youth. 10. India will only prosper when the Goddess of Learning, Saraswati is unshakled and unchained as was the Goddess of Wealth Lakshmi in 1991. Priority 2 Good Governance Benefits of leadership and good governance are highlighted in ten different articles. If one looks at the contents page, one will notice that nearly 81% of our articles are People Dependant, ten on Governance and twelve on Human Resource Development and Sixteen on Employment GenerationOne can understand Good Governance, only if we understand the effects of bad governance. Many such examples have been given in our articles for this very reason. Wake up Call for INDIA 21 Focus on HRD, governance, economy and employment generation Priority 3 Central government policy changes 1. Removal of SSI (small scale industry) reservation. Reservation does more harm than good. 2. Amend Labour and Employee Laws and give local enterprises and org anizations a level playing field on par with other ontogenesis Nations of Asia and Latin America. 3.Encourage labour intensive technologies for employment generation. 4. Recognize the meaning and importance of MSMEs (micro, small medium enterprise) and not SSIs (small scale industry). We must understand the importance of the M and the E in SMEs as MSMEs account for 80% of the Indian economy against 5% in SSI. While the MSME Bill was passed in 2006. Indian MSMEs still have to align themselves to global standards. Large organizations subcontract most of their non-core business to highly productive and cost- effective MSMEs. 1. Trading, wholesale & retail, are 15 times bigger than I.T. (big employment and GDP generator) 2. Manufacturing, as an enterprise, is 11 times bigger than I. T. (generates about 75% of government revenues) 3. Health Care, as an enterprise is 4 times bigger than I. T. (big employment and GDP generator) 4. blend & Tourism, as an enterprise is 6 times bigger than I . T. (big employment and GDP generator) 5. Education, as an enterprise is 4 times bigger than I. T. (big employment and GDP generator) Priority 5 Funding infrastructure US$ 1500 Billion finicky Infra Bonds Infrastructure needs funding at 6% to 8% per year, rate of interest.The tenure of borrowing needs to be extended to at least 10-15-20 years, since it takes nearly 5 years for building and another 5 years for Gestation and break-even. These bonds should be of low-interest but with incentives and tax breaks. Priority 6 Awareness program for the above 5 priority areas By the use of our 102 page book, Transforming INDIA through education, awareness with relevant solutions and action plans are our prime objective. Our book is a step in that direction. It has 47 articles and notes on Governance, Human Resource Development, Enterprise & Economy & Employment Generation.Our website at www. wakeupcall. org details out much more than this book. Besides English, the Hindi, Urdu, Gujarati, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali, Oriya, Assamese and Punjabi versions of some relevant portions are available. Only 7% of Indian understand English, therefore Indian languages are required. India 1st Priority 4 Export activities of the economy, other than software Software and I. T. is 2. 5% of the Worlds GDP, we need to look at the balance 97. 5% of the economic sector in the world marketsThe five areas of economic activity, mentioned below, are only some examples, there are many others. 22 www. wakeupcall. org Economic and business reforms after(prenominal) 66 years of Independence, where are we? After 66 years of Independence, if we bench mark India against other countries of the world, especially with those in Asia, we note that though a lot has been achieved by us, a lot more needs to be done. We need to learn from our past and move boldly into the future. India has achieved many milestones, but not enough to eradicate poverty, illiteracy and other vital i ssues, for the 1,210 million people of India.In spite of Indias brainy past history and present outstanding world class quality of our human capital, which not only is credit deservingy for running many organizations, in manufacturing, trading and services sectors, around the world but also responsible for advising many countries on this planet, we have not been able to put our own house in order to world class standards. We are not able to always use the best effective human capital for running the country, both for the public as well as the private sectors This needs to be suitably amended.In the first instance, we need to start taking some simple and effective measures which are for the good of the majority of the people of India. We should plan to become a resource base for world markets since 98. 2% of the worlds buying power and 99. 0% of the worlds trade is not with India Good Governance is the Golden Key Good governance can unlock Indias latent potential We have been analyz ing Indias problems based on years of research, analysis and personal interviews with thousands of Indian citizens as well as NRIs and PIOs.India needs to improve its governance and administration to world class standards, as soon as possible. We firmly believe that India would be rated as the No. 1 country in the world, as far as potential vs performance is concerned Let us unleash this latent power and energy for the benefit of the 1,210 million Indians, and for the benefit of mankind on our planet. India needs a new and innovative trope shift in thought process and planning for achieveing a 10% to 14% GDP growth rate per year 1. Why cant we have 100 zones on our coastline, each one homogeneous to a Dubai, Singapore or a Hong Kong?These 100 zones will in effect increase the GDP of India by 500% in 15 to 20 years China has more than 500 Special Economic Zones (SEZs) 2. Our suggested Relevant Manufacturing Policy for India can also enhance the GDP to recapitulate digit growth. We can achieve high growth rates of the Asian Tigers, including China, provided we follow such policies See our website www. wakeupcall. org and this book for details. 3. The existing educational policy, on human development, caters mostly for higher education. About 25 million people of different age groups, enter the system every year.About 3 million make it in higher education, the balance 22 million drop off at various stages. We need to change the policy to benefit these 22 million. 4. Make some part or parts of coastal India as tax free zones, Use the best examples of Mauritus, Isle of Man, Sychelles, UAE, Bermuda, Luxumberg, Monaco and Lichtchenstien. Tourism, exports, FDI, investment, employment generation, education, vocational training, infrastructure, law & order, reduction of corruption, improvement of health services and GDP can improve at a faster rate with education good governance and effective administration.Wake up Call for INDIA 23 India should learn from the best W e should either try to teach the world, if we are better than them, or be humble enough to learn from the best around us, other options are irrelevant W. Edwards Deming, one of the worlds greatest management and quality gurus, when asked, what his one point recipe for nations and organizations was, said, People are important. Experience of other countries Alan Greenspan, the Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of USA, once remarked that lack of labour rigidity is the key to success in the US.The US has benefited much more than Europe and Japan because American businesses enjoy the freedom to hire and fire and only keep the best human resources. S. E. Asia and China have greatly benefited due to flexible and fair (for the masses), human resource policies. India 1st Governance & administration Primary duty of politicians and officials 1. lay out of growth Due to reforms in the last decade we consider 8% to 10% as the New rate of growth of the economy. India needs to grow at 10% to 1 4% per year, to meet the well being and aspirations of its people. This goal is achievable with Education, Good Governance and Effective Administration. . Democracy what does it mean? 2. constitute of Governance in India As per www. loksatta. org, an NGO based in Hyderabad, the expenditure on Governance of India, by the 790 politicians at the Centre, the 4,120 in the 35 States and Union Territories and the 19 million employees of the Central and State Governments use about Rs. 3,200 crore per day or Rs. 1,168,000 crore per year, both on capital and revenue accounts. About 1. 87% of Indians govern 1,210 million people This comes to about US$ 234 billion or nearly 14% of Indias Gross domestic product or GDP Are Indian citizens getting their moneys worth?Only you the Indian citizen can give the actual and final answer. You be the judge of your own country and decide. Our study clearly indicates that the people of India rely and deserve much better Governance and Administration. Demo cracy is of the people, for the people and by the people. Citizens must play an active role. As President John F. Kennedy said, ask not what the country has done for you, but what you have done for the country. In a world of globalization and keen competition, Indians will have to